{"id":"https://openalex.org/W103303497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1993-231","title":"Empirical acquisition of word and phrase classes in the atis domain","display_name":"Empirical acquisition of word and phrase classes in the atis domain","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W103303497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1993-231","mag":"103303497"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/eurospeech.1993-231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1993-231","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3rd European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 1993)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088152949","display_name":"M. McCandless","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael K. McCandless","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112758056","display_name":"James Glass","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3097-360X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James R. Glass","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9091,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97196262,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"981","last_page":"984"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.6316999793052673,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.6316999793052673,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase","display_name":"Phrase","score":0.7468296885490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7191967964172363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6039904356002808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5462878942489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.516330361366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/determiner-phrase","display_name":"Determiner phrase","score":0.4256432354450226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35848861932754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.30714043974876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noun-phrase","display_name":"Noun phrase","score":0.2442735731601715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09663349390029907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.7468296885490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7191967964172363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6039904356002808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5462878942489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.516330361366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88880766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201147","display_name":"Determiner phrase","level":4,"score":0.4256432354450226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35848861932754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.30714043974876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153962237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401131","display_name":"Noun phrase","level":3,"score":0.2442735731601715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09663349390029907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121934690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1084","display_name":"Noun","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/eurospeech.1993-231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1993-231","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3rd European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 1993)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2039546652","https://openalex.org/W2498698286","https://openalex.org/W2296205523","https://openalex.org/W2618622683","https://openalex.org/W4205197757","https://openalex.org/W2373794620","https://openalex.org/W4391730661","https://openalex.org/W2250740667","https://openalex.org/W216070878","https://openalex.org/W2207848871"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}