{"id":"https://openalex.org/W173989316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/ecst.1987-96","title":"ASR beyond HMM: a critical review","display_name":"ASR beyond HMM: a critical review","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W173989316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/ecst.1987-96","mag":"173989316"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/ecst.1987-96","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/ecst.1987-96","pdf_url":"https://www.isca-archive.org/ecst_1987/huckvale87b_ecst.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Conference on Speech Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.isca-archive.org/ecst_1987/huckvale87b_ecst.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082660734","display_name":"Mark Huckvale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4503-5552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark A. Huckvale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Phonetics and Linguistics, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT. 10.21437/ECST.1987"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Phonetics and Linguistics, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT. 10.21437/ECST.1987","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082660734"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05405405,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1231","last_page":"1234"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.9650301933288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.765107274055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7646619081497192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.6567846536636353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6491794586181641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5317476987838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45815858244895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balance","display_name":"Balance (ability)","score":0.413277804851532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3920953869819641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3324905037879944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11949217319488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.08616048097610474}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.9650301933288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.765107274055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7646619081497192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.6567846536636353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6491794586181641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5317476987838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45815858244895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.413277804851532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3920953869819641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3324905037879944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11949217319488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.08616048097610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/ecst.1987-96","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/ecst.1987-96","pdf_url":"https://www.isca-archive.org/ecst_1987/huckvale87b_ecst.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Conference on Speech Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/ecst.1987-96","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/ecst.1987-96","pdf_url":"https://www.isca-archive.org/ecst_1987/huckvale87b_ecst.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Conference on Speech Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W173989316.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W173989316.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020127877","https://openalex.org/W2105080323","https://openalex.org/W2147039250","https://openalex.org/W2154642048","https://openalex.org/W2444389600","https://openalex.org/W2766736793"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053269318","https://openalex.org/W2364370872","https://openalex.org/W2025614924","https://openalex.org/W2294335174","https://openalex.org/W2097963413","https://openalex.org/W3145575561","https://openalex.org/W2001275470","https://openalex.org/W2073996508","https://openalex.org/W1591475660","https://openalex.org/W2164162849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"compares":[2],"whole-word":[3],"Hidden":[4],"Markov":[5],"Modelling":[6],"(HMM)":[7],"with":[8],"five":[9],"other":[10],"techniques":[11],"of":[12,38,49],"Automatie":[13],"Speech":[14],"Recognition":[15],"(ASR):":[16],"(i)":[17],"probabilistic":[18],"decoding,":[19],"(ii)":[20],"sub-ward":[21],"HMM,":[22],"(iii)":[23],"dynamic":[24],"segment":[25],"modelling,":[26],"(iv)":[27],"acoustic-phonetic":[28],"recognition":[29],"and":[30,43,68],"(v)":[31],"adaptive":[32],"network":[33],"classification.":[34],"An":[35],"example":[36],"system":[37,58],"each":[39],"type":[40],"is":[41,59],"referenced":[42],"they":[44],"are":[45],"described":[46],"in":[47],"terms":[48],"the":[50],"source":[51],"model":[52],"implied":[53],"by":[54],"their":[55],"construction.":[56],"Each":[57],"shown":[60],"to":[61],"have":[62],"a":[63],"different":[64],"balance":[65],"between":[66],"specified":[67],"learned":[69],"constraints.":[70]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-25T23:11:45.687758","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}