{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6963633032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21227/q51w-cs63","title":"Comprehensively Evaluating the Perception Systems of Autonomous Vehicles Against Hazards","display_name":"Comprehensively Evaluating the Perception Systems of Autonomous Vehicles Against Hazards","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6963633032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21227/q51w-cs63"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21227/q51w-cs63","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21227/q51w-cs63","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051695","display_name":"IEEE DataPort","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},"type":"dataset","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21227/q51w-cs63","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bao, Jie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bao, Jie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":null,"topics":[],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazard","display_name":"Hazard","score":0.6085000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-system","display_name":"Autonomous system (mathematics)","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazard-analysis","display_name":"Hazard analysis","score":0.4848000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptual-system","display_name":"Perceptual system","score":0.33649998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-awareness","display_name":"Situation awareness","score":0.3269999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49261128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132455","display_name":"Hazard","level":2,"score":0.6085000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5310999751091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9628104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788009","display_name":"Autonomous system (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206355099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3614972","display_name":"Hazard analysis","level":2,"score":0.4848000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4424000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28063669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167042","display_name":"Perceptual system","level":3,"score":0.33649998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31360000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132835097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663745","display_name":"System safety","level":2,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18957","display_name":"Mainstream","level":2,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21227/q51w-cs63","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21227/q51w-cs63","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051695","display_name":"IEEE DataPort","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21227/q51w-cs63","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21227/q51w-cs63","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051695","display_name":"IEEE DataPort","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Perception":[0],"systems":[1,43,247],"are":[2,62,75,186],"vital":[3],"for":[4,58,133],"the":[5,29,41,73,101,135,162,180,193,220,242,277],"safety":[6],"of":[7,40,55,67,130,138,164,173,176,183],"autonomous":[8,12,15,45,85,139,150],"driving.":[9],"In":[10,253],"complex":[11],"driving":[13],"scenarios,":[14,65,90],"vehicles":[16,46],"must":[17],"overcome":[18],"various":[19],"natural":[20],"hazards,":[21,49],"such":[22],"as":[23,50],"heavy":[24],"rain":[25],"or":[26],"raindrops":[27],"on":[28,188,203,210,276],"camera":[30],"lens.":[31],"Therefore,":[32],"it":[33],"is":[34,270],"essential":[35],"to":[36,105,123,145,179,196,251],"conduct":[37],"comprehensive":[38,128],"testing":[39,200,268],"perception":[42,136,182,223,278],"in":[44,272],"against":[47,87,156,235],"these":[48,88],"demanded":[51],"by":[52],"regulatory":[53],"agency":[54],"many":[56,63],"countries":[57],"human":[59],"drivers.Since":[60],"there":[61],"hazard":[64,89,131,237],"each":[66,236],"which":[68,185],"has":[69,153],"multiple":[70],"configurable":[71],"parameters,":[72],"challenges":[74],"(1)":[76],"how":[77,96,147],"do":[78,97],"we":[79,98,114,230],"systematically":[80],"and":[81,94,120,127,217,227,241],"adequately":[82],"test":[83],"an":[84,149],"vehicle":[86,151],"with":[91],"measurable":[92],"outcome;":[93],"(2)":[95],"efficiently":[99,197],"explore":[100],"huge":[102],"search":[103],"space":[104],"identify":[106],"scenarios":[107,132],"that":[108,245,259],"would":[109],"induce":[110],"failure? In":[111],"this":[112],"work,":[113],"propose":[115],"a":[116,125,171],"framework":[117],"{Hazards":[118],"Generation":[119],"Testing":[121],"(HazGT)}":[122],"generate":[124],"customizable":[126],"repository":[129],"evaluating":[134],"system":[137],"vehicles. HazGT":[140],"not":[141],"only":[142],"allows":[143],"us":[144],"measure":[146],"comprehensively":[148],"(AV)":[152],"been":[154],"tested":[155],"different":[157,199],"hazards":[158,167,177],"but":[159],"also":[160,257],"supports":[161,170],"identification":[163],"important":[165],"adversarial":[166],"through":[168,238],"optimization.HazGT":[169],"total":[172],"70":[174],"kinds":[175],"relevant":[178],"visual":[181],"AVs,":[184],"based":[187,202,209],"industrial":[189],"regulation.HazGT":[190],"automatically":[191],"optimizes":[192],"parameter":[194],"values":[195],"achieve":[198],"objectives":[201],"Genetic":[204],"Algorithm.We":[205],"have":[206,231,248],"implemented":[207],"HazGT":[208],"two":[211,221],"{popular}":[212],"3D":[213],"engines,":[214],"i.e.,":[215],"Unity":[216],"Unreal":[218],"Engine.For":[219],"mainstream":[222],"models":[224],"(i.e.,":[225],"YOLO":[226],"Faster":[228],"RCNN),":[229],"evaluated":[232],"their":[233],"performance":[234],"extensive":[239],"experiments":[240,256],"results":[243],"show":[244],"both":[246],"much":[249],"room":[250],"improve.":[252],"addition,":[254],"our":[255],"found":[258],"ChatGPT4":[260],"performs":[261],"slightly":[262],"worse":[263],"than":[264],"YOLO.":[265],"Our":[266],"optimization-based":[267],"engine":[269],"effective":[271],"finding":[273],"perceptual":[274],"errors":[275],"models.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}