{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6888594990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21227/30ca-eg80","title":"Spotting political social bots in Twitter: a dataset for the 2019 Spanish general election","display_name":"Spotting political social bots in Twitter: a dataset for the 2019 Spanish general election","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6888594990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21227/30ca-eg80"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21227/30ca-eg80","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21227/30ca-eg80","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051695","display_name":"IEEE DataPort","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},"type":"dataset","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21227/30ca-eg80","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pastor-Galindo, Javier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-6682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80180929","display_name":"Universidad de Murcia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p3aeb86","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pastor-Galindo, Javier","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Murcia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-6682","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Murcia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zago, Mattia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5267-2392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80180929","display_name":"Universidad de Murcia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p3aeb86","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zago, Mattia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Murcia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5267-2392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Murcia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nespoli, Pantaleone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4041-1205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80180929","display_name":"Universidad de Murcia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p3aeb86","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nespoli, Pantaleone","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Murcia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4041-1205","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Murcia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lop\u00e9z Bernal, Sergio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1869-1965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80180929","display_name":"Universidad de Murcia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p3aeb86","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lop\u00e9z Bernal, Sergio","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Murcia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1869-1965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Murcia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Huertas Celdr\u00e1n, Alberto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7125-1710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7478328","display_name":"Waterford Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03ypxwh20","country_code":"IE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7478328"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huertas Celdr\u00e1n, Alberto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Waterford Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7125-1710","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waterford Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7478328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gil P\u00e9rez, Manuel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7768-9665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80180929","display_name":"Universidad de Murcia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p3aeb86","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gil P\u00e9rez, Manuel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Murcia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7768-9665","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Murcia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ruip\u00e9rez-Valiente, Jos\u00e9 A.","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2304-6365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80180929","display_name":"Universidad de Murcia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p3aeb86","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruip\u00e9rez-Valiente, Jos\u00e9 A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Murcia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2304-6365","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Murcia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mart\u00ednez P\u00e9rez, Gregorio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5532-6604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80180929","display_name":"Universidad de Murcia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p3aeb86","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mart\u00ednez P\u00e9rez, Gregorio","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Murcia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5532-6604","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Murcia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"G\u00f3mez M\u00e1rmol, F\u00e9lix","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-3322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80180929","display_name":"Universidad de Murcia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p3aeb86","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G\u00f3mez M\u00e1rmol, F\u00e9lix","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Murcia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-3322","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Murcia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":null,"topics":[],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spotting","display_name":"Spotting","score":0.7858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.7117000222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5734999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.5444999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-election","display_name":"General election","score":0.5364000201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","score":0.43799999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779506182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7580141","display_name":"Spotting","level":2,"score":0.7858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.7117000222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5734999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.5444999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59742305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076105","display_name":"General election","level":3,"score":0.5364000201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4388999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36719998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.36640000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268696","display_name":"Qualitative analysis","level":3,"score":0.33550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126349790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905036","display_name":"Computational sociology","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21227/30ca-eg80","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21227/30ca-eg80","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051695","display_name":"IEEE DataPort","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21227/30ca-eg80","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21227/30ca-eg80","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051695","display_name":"IEEE DataPort","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"social":[1,51,73],"media":[2],"has":[3,26],"been":[4,27],"proved":[5],"as":[6,30,72],"an":[7],"exceptionally":[8],"useful":[9],"tool":[10],"to":[11,32,144],"interact":[12],"with":[13],"other":[14],"people":[15],"and":[16,18,36,48,77,89,92,98,154],"massively":[17],"quickly":[19],"spread":[20],"helpful":[21],"information,":[22],"its":[23],"great":[24],"potential":[25],"ill-intentionally":[28],"leveraged":[29],"well":[31],"distort":[33],"political":[34,96,126],"elections":[35],"manipulate":[37],"constituents.":[38],"In":[39],"the":[40,46,56,59,101,118,123,133,137,151,155],"paper":[41],"at":[42,130],"hand,":[43],"we":[44,68],"analyzed":[45],"presence":[47],"behavior":[49],"of":[50,58,86,112,122],"bots":[52,74,114],"on":[53],"Twitter":[54],"in":[55,117],"context":[57],"November":[60,145],"2019":[61,143],"Spanish":[62],"general":[63],"election.":[64],"Throughout":[65],"our":[66],"study,":[67],"classified":[69],"involved":[70],"users":[71],"or":[75],"humans,":[76],"examined":[78],"their":[79],"interactions":[80],"from":[81],"a":[82,109],"quantitative":[83],"(i.e.,":[84,94],"amount":[85,111],"traffic":[87],"generated":[88],"existing":[90],"relations)":[91],"qualitative":[93],"user's":[95],"affinity":[97],"sentiment":[99],"towards":[100],"most":[102],"important":[103],"parties)":[104],"perspectives.":[105],"Results":[106],"demonstrated":[107],"that":[108],"non-negligible":[110],"those":[113],"actively":[115],"participated":[116],"election,":[119],"supporting":[120],"each":[121],"five":[124],"principal":[125],"parties.":[127],"The":[128],"dataset":[129],"hand":[131],"presents":[132],"data":[134],"collected":[135],"during":[136],"observation":[138],"period":[139],"(from":[140],"October":[141],"4th,":[142],"11th,":[146],"2019).":[147],"It":[148],"includes":[149],"both":[150],"anonymized":[152],"tweets":[153],"users'":[156],"data.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}