{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154912587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2026.p0404","title":"Design and Evaluation of a Two-Wheeled Weeding Robot for Paddy Fields","display_name":"Design and Evaluation of a Two-Wheeled Weeding Robot for Paddy Fields","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154912587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2026.p0404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.20965/jrm.2026.p0404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2026.p0404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764886168","display_name":"Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics","issn_l":"0915-3942","issn":["0915-3942","1883-8049"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324309662","host_organization_name":"Fuji Technology Press Ltd.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324309662"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Fuji Technology Press Ltd."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2026.p0404","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133967259","display_name":"Hiroyuki Inoue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22040003","display_name":"National Institute of Technology, Tsuyama College","ror":"https://ror.org/0485q2d74","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22040003","https://openalex.org/I4210120810"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hiroyuki Inoue","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Technology, Tsuyama College, 624-1 Numa, Tsuyama, Okayama 708-8509, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technology, Tsuyama College, 624-1 Numa, Tsuyama, Okayama 708-8509, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22040003"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016093412","display_name":"Hitoshi SORI","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22040003","display_name":"National Institute of Technology, Tsuyama College","ror":"https://ror.org/0485q2d74","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22040003","https://openalex.org/I4210120810"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hitoshi Sori","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Technology, Tsuyama College, 624-1 Numa, Tsuyama, Okayama 708-8509, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technology, Tsuyama College, 624-1 Numa, Tsuyama, Okayama 708-8509, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22040003"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028093179","display_name":"Masashi Sugimoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6201-1475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150622","display_name":"National Institute of Technology, Tomakomai College","ror":"https://ror.org/0415ygs14","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120810","https://openalex.org/I4210150622"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masashi Sugimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Technology, Tomakomai College, 443 Nishikioka, Tomakomai, Hokkaido 059-1275, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6201-1475","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technology, Tomakomai College, 443 Nishikioka, Tomakomai, Hokkaido 059-1275, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150622"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084699182","display_name":"Hiroyuki Hatta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118584","display_name":"Okayama Prefecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02cgf6x90","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118584"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroyuki Hatta","raw_affiliation_strings":["IKOMA Robotech Corporation, 634-28 Toshima, Tsuyama, Okayama 708-0016, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IKOMA Robotech Corporation, 634-28 Toshima, Tsuyama, Okayama 708-0016, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118584"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054475226","display_name":"Yasuhiro ANDO","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118584","display_name":"Okayama Prefecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02cgf6x90","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118584"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasuhiro Ando","raw_affiliation_strings":["IKOMA Robotech Corporation, 634-28 Toshima, Tsuyama, Okayama 708-0016, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IKOMA Robotech Corporation, 634-28 Toshima, Tsuyama, Okayama 708-0016, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118584"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5133967259"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22040003"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65577885,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"2","first_page":"404","last_page":"412"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.35199999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.35199999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11978","display_name":"Soil Mechanics and Vehicle Dynamics","score":0.28299999237060547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12729","display_name":"Tree Root and Stability Studies","score":0.08900000154972076,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7382000088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/float","display_name":"Float (project management)","score":0.6455000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linkage","display_name":"Linkage (software)","score":0.5455999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.42170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staple-food","display_name":"Staple food","score":0.36070001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-machinery","display_name":"Agricultural machinery","score":0.3504999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paddy-field","display_name":"Paddy field","score":0.34950000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7382000088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780337265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185958","display_name":"Float (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6455000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31266012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554340","display_name":"Linkage (software)","level":3,"score":0.5455999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4666000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.41589999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.37709999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779249804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736427","display_name":"Staple food","level":3,"score":0.36070001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47136581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000047","display_name":"Agricultural machinery","level":3,"score":0.3504999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85582077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842623","display_name":"Paddy field","level":2,"score":0.34950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74222875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000312","display_name":"Robot kinematics","level":4,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153517567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26090","display_name":"Mechanism design","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984925000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112212","display_name":"Inclination angle","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.20965/jrm.2026.p0404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2026.p0404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764886168","display_name":"Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics","issn_l":"0915-3942","issn":["0915-3942","1883-8049"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324309662","host_organization_name":"Fuji Technology Press Ltd.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324309662"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Fuji Technology Press Ltd."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.20965/jrm.2026.p0404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2026.p0404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764886168","display_name":"Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics","issn_l":"0915-3942","issn":["0915-3942","1883-8049"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324309662","host_organization_name":"Fuji Technology Press Ltd.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324309662"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Fuji Technology Press Ltd."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.4773121476173401,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2731991499","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP20K06331","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2073207435","https://openalex.org/W2290119237","https://openalex.org/W2578907000","https://openalex.org/W2642428399","https://openalex.org/W2649469197","https://openalex.org/W2724226643","https://openalex.org/W2733463277","https://openalex.org/W2767085065","https://openalex.org/W2802758625","https://openalex.org/W3158165920","https://openalex.org/W4213084207","https://openalex.org/W4392637973"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"consumers":[1],"have":[2],"shown":[3],"a":[4,48,55,62,119,140],"high":[5],"level":[6,80],"of":[7,29,38,150,153,169],"interest":[8],"in":[9,17,65,76],"food":[10,28],"safety":[11],"and":[12,58,82,100],"security,":[13],"as":[14,16,111],"well":[15],"reducing":[18],"environmental":[19],"impacts.":[20],"Therefore,":[21],"for":[22,139],"rice,":[23],"which":[24,66,125],"is":[25,43,59,126],"the":[26,30,36,70,102,112,136,148,151,157,160,167,170],"staple":[27],"Japanese":[31],"people,":[32],"its":[33],"cultivation":[34],"without":[35],"use":[37],"herbicides":[39],"or":[40],"chemical":[41],"fertilizers":[42],"desired.":[44],"This":[45,132],"paper":[46],"proposes":[47],"two-wheeled":[49],"weeding":[50,172],"robot":[51,86],"that":[52],"floats":[53,96],"on":[54,92,97,159],"water":[56,79,93],"surface":[57],"equipped":[60],"with":[61],"movable":[63,116],"mechanism":[64],"large-diameter":[67],"wheels":[68,158],"contact":[69],"soil":[71,83,130],"under":[72],"their":[73],"own":[74],"weight":[75],"response":[77],"to":[78,90,107,128,156],"height":[81],"unevenness.":[84],"The":[85,115],"body":[87],"was":[88],"designed":[89,127],"float":[91],"by":[94],"placing":[95],"both":[98],"sides":[99],"spanning":[101],"rice":[103,113],"row,":[104],"enabling":[105],"it":[106,145,164],"continue":[108],"moving":[109],"even":[110],"grows.":[114],"system":[117],"utilizes":[118],"simple":[120],"yet":[121],"robust":[122],"four-bar":[123,141],"linkage,":[124],"accommodate":[129],"adhesion.":[131],"study":[133],"first":[134],"clarified":[135],"design":[137],"method":[138],"linkage":[142],"mechanism.":[143],"Next,":[144],"experimentally":[146,165],"investigated":[147],"effect":[149],"angle":[152],"paddles":[154],"attached":[155],"propulsive":[161],"force.":[162],"Finally,":[163],"confirmed":[166],"effectiveness":[168],"proposed":[171],"robot.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-04-20T00:00:00"}
