{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124829506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2026.p0232","title":"An Early-Warning Educational System with Small Samples and Across Academic Year Based on Combination of Transformer and XGBoost","display_name":"An Early-Warning Educational System with Small Samples and Across Academic Year Based on Combination of Transformer and XGBoost","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124829506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2026.p0232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.20965/jaciii.2026.p0232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2026.p0232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4511983","display_name":"Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics","issn_l":"1343-0130","issn":["1343-0130","1883-8014"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324309662","host_organization_name":"Fuji Technology Press Ltd.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324309662"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Fuji Technology Press Ltd."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2026.p0232","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123360754","display_name":"Xiangfeng Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148798404","display_name":"Tokyo University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/021a26605","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148798404"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangfeng Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4172-7873","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148798404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121571919","display_name":"Jinhua She","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148798404","display_name":"Tokyo University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/021a26605","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148798404"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhua She","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3165-5045","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148798404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shumei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0121-616X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148798404","display_name":"Tokyo University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/021a26605","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148798404"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shumei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0121-616X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148798404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038189806","display_name":"Sumio Ohno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6625-0429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148798404","display_name":"Tokyo University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/021a26605","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148798404"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumio Ohno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6625-0429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148798404"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051931731","display_name":"Hiroyuki Kameda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3667-4085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148798404","display_name":"Tokyo University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/021a26605","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148798404"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroyuki Kameda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3667-4085","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148798404"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05869056,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"1","first_page":"232","last_page":"245"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.6696000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.6696000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.13950000703334808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13405","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Improvement","score":0.007600000128149986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.9607999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.5235999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5097000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5004000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection","display_name":"Data collection","score":0.44440001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.43389999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.9607999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5235999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5097000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5060999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5004000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45750001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.44440001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.43389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4214000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.3564000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34790000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778498041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915466","display_name":"Academic year","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781206393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419","display_name":"Academic achievement","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.20965/jaciii.2026.p0232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2026.p0232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4511983","display_name":"Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics","issn_l":"1343-0130","issn":["1343-0130","1883-8014"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324309662","host_organization_name":"Fuji Technology Press Ltd.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324309662"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Fuji Technology Press Ltd."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.20965/jaciii.2026.p0232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2026.p0232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4511983","display_name":"Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics","issn_l":"1343-0130","issn":["1343-0130","1883-8014"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324309662","host_organization_name":"Fuji Technology Press Ltd.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324309662"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Fuji Technology Press Ltd."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.558478832244873,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1713419128","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22K00801","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967555382","https://openalex.org/W2039958052","https://openalex.org/W2071097428","https://openalex.org/W2153378020","https://openalex.org/W2793274316","https://openalex.org/W2982623704","https://openalex.org/W4226432146","https://openalex.org/W4408466582"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Japan\u2019s":[0],"declining":[1],"birthrate":[2],"has":[3],"been":[4],"leading":[5],"to":[6,26,81,180,193],"an":[7,34,90],"increasing":[8],"distribution":[9],"of":[10,21,30,68,105,118,144],"academic":[11,31,83,198],"abilities":[12],"among":[13],"university":[14],"students.":[15],"To":[16],"ensure":[17],"the":[18,41,65,103,116,119,130,138,151,187,191],"successful":[19],"completion":[20],"studies,":[22],"it":[23,176],"is":[24,50,148,156,177],"crucial":[25],"identify":[27],"students":[28,205],"at-risk":[29],"failure":[32],"at":[33],"early":[35],"stage":[36],"and":[37,77,129,171,203,216],"provide":[38],"them":[39],"with":[40,96],"necessary":[42],"support.":[43],"In":[44,85],"conventional":[45,125],"teaching":[46,54,163,182],"systems,":[47,71],"this":[48,86,145],"task":[49],"highly":[51],"dependent":[52],"on":[53,64],"experience.":[55],"Recently":[56],"developed":[57],"early-warning":[58],"systems":[59],"(EWSs),":[60],"which":[61],"are":[62,72],"based":[63],"data":[66,94,211],"mining":[67],"learning":[69,201],"management":[70],"built":[73],"in":[74,161,197,207],"post-hoc":[75],"models":[76],"lack":[78],"sufficient":[79],"generalizability":[80,117],"new":[82],"years.":[84],"study,":[87],"we":[88,108],"present":[89],"EWS":[91,155,192],"that":[92,114,134],"combines":[93],"augmentation":[95],"a":[97,110,124],"transfer":[98],"learning-enhanced":[99],"classification":[100,112,127],"model.":[101],"Through":[102],"use":[104,186],"multiple":[106],"sub-modules,":[107],"construct":[109],"deep-learning":[111],"model":[113,128,132,136,147],"enhances":[115],"EWS.":[120],"A":[121],"comparison":[122],"between":[123],"predictive":[126],"presented":[131],"shows":[133],"our":[135],"achieved":[137],"optimal":[139],"overall":[140],"performance.":[141],"The":[142],"stability":[143],"fine-tuned":[146],"verified":[149],"by":[150,190],"hold-out":[152],"method.":[153],"Our":[154],"purposefully":[157],"addressed":[158],"for":[159],"difficulties":[160],"real-world":[162],"environments":[164],"(that":[165],"is,":[166],"year-to-year":[167],"sample":[168,173],"domain":[169],"shifts":[170],"small":[172],"sizes);":[174],"thus,":[175],"robustly":[178],"adaptable":[179],"diverse":[181],"environments.":[183],"Teachers":[184],"can":[185],"recommendations":[188],"made":[189],"implement":[194],"next":[195],"steps":[196],"interventions,":[199],"improve":[200],"strategies,":[202],"help":[204],"succeed":[206],"their":[208],"studies.":[209],"All":[210],"collection":[212],"uses":[213],"non-identifiable":[214],"information":[215],"protects":[217],"privacy.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-01-20T00:00:00"}