{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2884012901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20532/cit.2018.1003825","title":"Modified Token Based Congestion Control Scheme for Opportunistic Networks","display_name":"Modified Token Based Congestion Control Scheme for Opportunistic Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2884012901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20532/cit.2018.1003825","mag":"2884012901"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.20532/cit.2018.1003825","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20532/cit.2018.1003825","pdf_url":"http://cit.fer.hr/index.php/CIT/article/download/3825/2204","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98565333","display_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Technology","issn_l":"1330-1136","issn":["1330-1136","1846-3908"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314807","host_organization_name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314807"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://cit.fer.hr/index.php/CIT/article/download/3825/2204","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061193146","display_name":"Emmanuel Adewale Adedokun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12789410","display_name":"Ahmadu Bello University","ror":"https://ror.org/019apvn83","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12789410"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel Adewale Adedokun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State-Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State-Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12789410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074874622","display_name":"Hamisu A. Adamu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4545-9950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12789410","display_name":"Ahmadu Bello University","ror":"https://ror.org/019apvn83","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12789410"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamisu Abubakar Adamu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State-\r\nNigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State-\r\nNigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12789410"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033523212","display_name":"Idris Salawu Shaibu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12789410","display_name":"Ahmadu Bello University","ror":"https://ror.org/019apvn83","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12789410"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Idris Salawu Shaibu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State-Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State-Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12789410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":450,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":485},"apc_paid":{"value":450,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":485},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09243919,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":"7","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9728999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.972599983215332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8599762916564941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-congestion","display_name":"Network congestion","score":0.8290004730224609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.8206734657287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.6252492666244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/token-passing","display_name":"Token passing","score":0.6166960000991821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-traffic-control","display_name":"Network traffic control","score":0.5772517323493958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5065299272537231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queue","display_name":"Queue","score":0.45186713337898254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-control","display_name":"Flow control (data)","score":0.4400944113731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.37748801708221436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.09780094027519226}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8599762916564941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195563490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180368","display_name":"Network congestion","level":3,"score":0.8290004730224609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.8206734657287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.6252492666244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115067241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639854","display_name":"Token passing","level":3,"score":0.6166960000991821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201100257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393287","display_name":"Network traffic control","level":3,"score":0.5772517323493958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5065299272537231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160403385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220543","display_name":"Queue","level":2,"score":0.45186713337898254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186766456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612457","display_name":"Flow control (data)","level":2,"score":0.4400944113731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.37748801708221436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.09780094027519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.20532/cit.2018.1003825","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20532/cit.2018.1003825","pdf_url":"http://cit.fer.hr/index.php/CIT/article/download/3825/2204","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98565333","display_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Technology","issn_l":"1330-1136","issn":["1330-1136","1846-3908"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314807","host_organization_name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314807"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a2db7eea8e3148859df847d8412fb4ba","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a2db7eea8e3148859df847d8412fb4ba","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Technology, Vol 26, Iss 1, Pp 7-17 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hrcak.srce.hr:203979","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hrcak.srce.hr/203979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400677","display_name":"Hr\u010dak Portal of scientific journals of Croatia (University Computing Centre)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210104502","host_organization_name":"United Nations University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104502"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of computing and information technology","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.20532/cit.2018.1003825","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20532/cit.2018.1003825","pdf_url":"http://cit.fer.hr/index.php/CIT/article/download/3825/2204","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98565333","display_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Technology","issn_l":"1330-1136","issn":["1330-1136","1846-3908"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314807","host_organization_name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314807"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2884012901.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2884012901.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1121554985","https://openalex.org/W1898772099","https://openalex.org/W1984891636","https://openalex.org/W1996507633","https://openalex.org/W2006890895","https://openalex.org/W2011164891","https://openalex.org/W2071314114","https://openalex.org/W2100166367","https://openalex.org/W2103701891","https://openalex.org/W2115769651","https://openalex.org/W2123547142","https://openalex.org/W2130406891","https://openalex.org/W2163244104","https://openalex.org/W2167523472","https://openalex.org/W2167682412","https://openalex.org/W2563860182","https://openalex.org/W4243838505","https://openalex.org/W4248409180","https://openalex.org/W4299832358","https://openalex.org/W6650448962","https://openalex.org/W6744160099","https://openalex.org/W6792884170"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765256135","https://openalex.org/W2016681143","https://openalex.org/W2372056697","https://openalex.org/W1985457510","https://openalex.org/W2513572042","https://openalex.org/W3030297422","https://openalex.org/W1988782227","https://openalex.org/W4388218486","https://openalex.org/W2374822492","https://openalex.org/W2342466646"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"address":[1],"congestion":[2,11,59,96,112,131,162],"issues":[3],"in":[4,71,101,142,172,185],"Opportunistic":[5],"Networks":[6],"(OppNets),":[7],"a":[8,26,54,93,183],"modified":[9,94,128,160],"token-based":[10,95,161],"control":[12,97,132,163],"with":[13],"adaptive":[14],"forwarding":[15],"mechanism":[16,20],"is":[17],"proposed.":[18],"The":[19],"allows":[21],"the":[22,33,40,44,47,51,63,72,79,82,90,115,148,159],"network":[23,34,84,107,173,187],"nodes":[24],"holding":[25],"valid":[27],"token":[28,129],"to":[29,49,58,111],"inject":[30],"message":[31],"into":[32],"or":[35],"other":[36],"neighboring":[37],"node.":[38],"At":[39,118],"point":[41],"of":[42,65,92,103,122,153],"congestion,":[43],"algorithm":[45,133],"has":[46,134,164],"potential":[48],"redirect":[50],"traffic":[52],"from":[53],"more":[55],"congested":[56],"node":[57,61],"free":[60],"for":[62],"purpose":[64],"effective":[66],"resource":[67],"utilization":[68],"and":[69,106,126,138,157,168,189],"fairness":[70],"network.":[73,80],"Tokens":[74],"are":[75,178],"evenly":[76],"distributed":[77],"throughout":[78],"Using":[81],"opportunistic":[83],"environment":[85],"(ONE)":[86],"simulator,":[87],"we":[88],"illustrate":[89],"performance":[91],"algorithm,":[98],"which":[99],"results":[100,177],"reduction":[102,141,184],"dropped":[104,143],"messages":[105],"transit":[108,174],"time":[109],"due":[110],"across":[113],"all":[114],"scenarios":[116],"considered.":[117],"different":[119],"queue":[120],"sizes":[121],"(QS-10,":[123],"QS-20,":[124],"QS-30":[125],"QS-40),":[127],"based":[130],"13.91%,":[135],"10.71%,":[136],"5.46%,":[137],"4.22%,":[139],"respectively,":[140,170],"messages.":[144],"In":[145],"addition,":[146],"at":[147],"greatest":[149],"connected":[150],"component":[151],"values":[152],"50%,":[154],"60%,":[155],"70%":[156],"80%,":[158],"8.34%,":[165],"2.19%,":[166],"4.61%,":[167],"7.63%,":[169],"decrease":[171],"time.":[175,190],"These":[176],"substantial,":[179],"because":[180],"they":[181],"indicate":[182],"both":[186],"storage":[188]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}