{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128674919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19153/cleiej.29.1.3","title":"Towards Industry 4.0: A Guide to Digital Transformation for Food Sector SMEs in Brazil","display_name":"Towards Industry 4.0: A Guide to Digital Transformation for Food Sector SMEs in Brazil","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128674919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19153/cleiej.29.1.3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.19153/cleiej.29.1.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.19153/cleiej.29.1.3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164249298","display_name":"CLEI electronic journal","issn_l":"0717-5000","issn":["0717-5000"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315484","host_organization_name":"Latin American Center for Computer Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315484"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Latin American Center for Computer Studies"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CLEI Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.19153/cleiej.29.1.3","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057170869","display_name":"Maria Am\u00e9lia Eliseo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0913-3259"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maria Amelia Eliseo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016012433","display_name":"Gabriel Batista Cristiano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9539-1352"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Batista Cristiano","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084630368","display_name":"Fabio Tanikawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0866-5755"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Tanikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054322828","display_name":"H. Luna Garc\u00eda","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huizilopoztli Luna Garc\u00eda","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057170869"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20433039,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.5996999740600586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.5996999740600586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14071","display_name":"Healthcare during COVID-19 Pandemic","score":0.02630000002682209,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.011699999682605267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-transformation","display_name":"Digital transformation","score":0.8154000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maturity","display_name":"Maturity (psychological)","score":0.6888999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-sector","display_name":"Food sector","score":0.5242999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.47909998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-strategy","display_name":"Digital strategy","score":0.4050999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.39969998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-model","display_name":"Business model","score":0.38109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-technologies","display_name":"Emerging technologies","score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industry-4.0","display_name":"Industry 4.0","score":0.3379000127315521}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126082660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4252370","display_name":"Digital transformation","level":2,"score":0.8154000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.7128999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101433766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3543263","display_name":"Maturity (psychological)","level":2,"score":0.6888999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992858708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q540912","display_name":"Food sector","level":3,"score":0.5242999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.47909998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.46709999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.41760000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780762989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1323528","display_name":"Digital strategy","level":4,"score":0.4050999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.39969998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4216890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815823","display_name":"Business model","level":2,"score":0.38109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777986313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1661989","display_name":"Industry 4.0","level":2,"score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779308522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843958","display_name":"Digitization","level":2,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48879800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622439","display_name":"Small and medium-sized enterprises","level":2,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513059894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q540912","display_name":"Food industry","level":2,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137757676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3477367","display_name":"Business sector","level":2,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65257409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q734253","display_name":"Electronic business","level":3,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169685871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55639","display_name":"Secondary sector of the economy","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779344036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11320476","display_name":"Digital content","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85890633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929673","display_name":"Capability Maturity Model","level":3,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.19153/cleiej.29.1.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.19153/cleiej.29.1.3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164249298","display_name":"CLEI electronic journal","issn_l":"0717-5000","issn":["0717-5000"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315484","host_organization_name":"Latin American Center for Computer Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315484"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Latin American Center for Computer Studies"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CLEI Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b34c42a02a4842dfb2f8d752edccc290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b34c42a02a4842dfb2f8d752edccc290","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CLEI Electronic Journal, Vol 29, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.19153/cleiej.29.1.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.19153/cleiej.29.1.3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164249298","display_name":"CLEI electronic journal","issn_l":"0717-5000","issn":["0717-5000"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315484","host_organization_name":"Latin American Center for Computer Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315484"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Latin American Center for Computer Studies"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CLEI Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5655452609062195}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Industry":[0,78],"4.0":[1,79],"emphasizes":[2],"connectivity":[3],"and":[4,28,55,81,83,92,96,135,152,162,193],"digitalization,":[5],"transforming":[6],"business":[7],"operations":[8],"worldwide.":[9],"In":[10],"Brazil,":[11],"however,":[12],"the":[13,43,65,100,168,178],"adoption":[14],"of":[15,26,123,170,183],"these":[16],"technologies":[17,146],"remains":[18],"relatively":[19],"limited,":[20],"with":[21,114],"only":[22],"a":[23,103,181],"small":[24,27],"proportion":[25],"medium-sized":[29],"enterprises":[30],"(SMEs)":[31],"fully":[32],"engaging":[33],"in":[34,64,68,145,173,191],"digital":[35,94,171,196],"transformation":[36,91,172,197],"initiatives.":[37],"Such":[38],"engagement":[39],"is":[40],"critical":[41],"to":[42,72,87,159,188],"national":[44],"economy,":[45],"yet":[46],"SMEs":[47,63,142,190],"face":[48,156],"substantial":[49],"barriers,":[50],"including":[51],"high":[52],"implementation":[53,163],"costs":[54],"limited":[56],"technical":[57],"expertise.":[58],"This":[59,109],"study":[60],"focuses":[61],"on":[62,177],"food":[66,116],"sector":[67,117],"S\\~{a}o":[69],"Paulo,":[70],"aiming":[71],"provide":[73],"strategic":[74],"guidance":[75],"for":[76],"adopting":[77],"practices":[80],"Information":[82],"Communication":[84],"Technologies":[85],"(ICTs)":[86],"support":[88,189],"their":[89,174],"technological":[90],"improve":[93],"maturity":[95],"competitiveness.":[97],"To":[98],"establish":[99],"theoretical":[101],"foundation,":[102],"comprehensive":[104],"literature":[105],"review":[106],"was":[107,110,186],"conducted.":[108],"followed":[111],"by":[112],"interviews":[113],"10":[115],"SMEs,":[118],"using":[119],"an":[120],"online":[121],"questionnaire":[122],"21":[124],"questions":[125],"organized":[126],"into":[127],"five":[128],"categories:":[129],"Technological":[130],"Infrastructure,":[131],"Automation,":[132],"Management,":[133],"Strategy,":[134],"Market.":[136],"The":[137],"results":[138],"revealed":[139],"that,":[140],"while":[141],"are":[143],"interested":[144],"such":[147],"as":[148],"QR":[149],"codes,":[150],"pagers,":[151],"social":[153],"media,":[154],"they":[155,166],"obstacles":[157],"related":[158],"training,":[160],"knowledge,":[161],"costs.":[164],"Nonetheless,":[165],"acknowledge":[167],"importance":[169],"operations.":[175],"Based":[176],"data":[179],"collected,":[180],"set":[182],"tailored":[184],"recommendations":[185],"developed":[187],"planning":[192],"implementing":[194],"effective":[195],"strategies.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-02-13T00:00:00"}