{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281488501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19153/cleiej.25.2.4","title":"Contact tracing solutions for COVID-19: applications, data privacy and security","display_name":"Contact tracing solutions for COVID-19: applications, data privacy and security","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281488501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19153/cleiej.25.2.4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.19153/cleiej.25.2.4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.19153/cleiej.25.2.4","pdf_url":"https://clei.org/cleiej/index.php/cleiej/article/download/537/431","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164249298","display_name":"CLEI electronic journal","issn_l":"0717-5000","issn":["0717-5000"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315484","host_organization_name":"Latin American Center for Computer Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315484"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Latin American Center for Computer Studies"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CLEI Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://clei.org/cleiej/index.php/cleiej/article/download/537/431","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003957275","display_name":"Gustavo Betarte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6863-1082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180910786","display_name":"Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica","ror":"https://ror.org/030bbe882","country_code":"UY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}],"countries":["UY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gustavo Betarte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025524567","display_name":"Juan Diego Campo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5927-0708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180910786","display_name":"Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica","ror":"https://ror.org/030bbe882","country_code":"UY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}],"countries":["UY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Diego Campo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Computacin, Facultad de Ingeniera, Universidad de la Repblica Montevideo, Uruguay, 11300","Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica Montevideo, Uruguay, 11300"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Computacin, Facultad de Ingeniera, Universidad de la Repblica Montevideo, Uruguay, 11300","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica Montevideo, Uruguay, 11300","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081036146","display_name":"Andrea Delgado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3453-7204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180910786","display_name":"Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica","ror":"https://ror.org/030bbe882","country_code":"UY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}],"countries":["UY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Delgado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Computacin, Facultad de Ingeniera, Universidad de la Repblica Montevideo, Uruguay, 11300","Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica Montevideo, Uruguay, 11300"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Computacin, Facultad de Ingeniera, Universidad de la Repblica Montevideo, Uruguay, 11300","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica Montevideo, Uruguay, 11300","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107869971","display_name":"Laura Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180910786","display_name":"Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica","ror":"https://ror.org/030bbe882","country_code":"UY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}],"countries":["UY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Gonz\u00e1lez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica Montevideo, Uruguay, 11300"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica Montevideo, Uruguay, 11300","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089015140","display_name":"\u00c1lvaro San Mart\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-3214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180910786","display_name":"Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica","ror":"https://ror.org/030bbe882","country_code":"UY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}],"countries":["UY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1lvaro Mart\u00edn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica Montevideo, Uruguay, 11300"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica Montevideo, Uruguay, 11300","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029940539","display_name":"Rodrigo Mart\u0131\u0301nez-B\u00e9jar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9677-7396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180910786","display_name":"Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica","ror":"https://ror.org/030bbe882","country_code":"UY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}],"countries":["UY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodrigo Mart\u00ednez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica Montevideo, Uruguay, 11300"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica Montevideo, Uruguay, 11300","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042597522","display_name":"B\u00e1rbara Muracciole","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71302355","display_name":"Universidad de Montevideo","ror":"https://ror.org/05w626e73","country_code":"UY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71302355"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180910786","display_name":"Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica","ror":"https://ror.org/030bbe882","country_code":"UY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}],"countries":["UY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B\u00e1rbara Muracciole","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Derecho Informtico, Facultad de Derecho, Universidad de la Repblica, Montevideo, Uruguay, 11200","Instituto de Derecho Inform\u00e1tico, Facultad de Derecho, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Montevideo, Uruguay, 11200"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Derecho Informtico, Facultad de Derecho, Universidad de la Repblica, Montevideo, Uruguay, 11200","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71302355"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Derecho Inform\u00e1tico, Facultad de Derecho, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Montevideo, Uruguay, 11200","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003957275"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6369,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72643701,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12943","display_name":"COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12943","display_name":"COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contact-tracing","display_name":"Contact tracing","score":0.8399378061294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6567519903182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.6049688458442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isolation","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","score":0.5762089490890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.555419921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"Pandemic","score":0.5224006175994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.513694167137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4965129494667053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4365186095237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distancing","display_name":"Distancing","score":0.4269748032093048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.34362584352493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.27443134784698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.09966045618057251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113162765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128437","display_name":"Contact tracing","level":5,"score":0.8399378061294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6567519903182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.6049688458442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.5762089490890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.555419921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.5224006175994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.513694167137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4965129494667053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4365186095237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31957729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282877","display_name":"Distancing","level":5,"score":0.4269748032093048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.34362584352493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.27443134784698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09966045618057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.19153/cleiej.25.2.4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.19153/cleiej.25.2.4","pdf_url":"https://clei.org/cleiej/index.php/cleiej/article/download/537/431","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164249298","display_name":"CLEI electronic journal","issn_l":"0717-5000","issn":["0717-5000"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315484","host_organization_name":"Latin American Center for Computer Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315484"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Latin American Center for Computer Studies"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CLEI Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:deed11c8810b44138c3a02032b1d82b3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/deed11c8810b44138c3a02032b1d82b3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CLEI Electronic Journal, Vol 25, Iss 2 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.19153/cleiej.25.2.4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.19153/cleiej.25.2.4","pdf_url":"https://clei.org/cleiej/index.php/cleiej/article/download/537/431","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164249298","display_name":"CLEI electronic journal","issn_l":"0717-5000","issn":["0717-5000"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315484","host_organization_name":"Latin American Center for Computer Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315484"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Latin American Center for Computer Studies"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CLEI Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281488501.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281488501.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2986203625","https://openalex.org/W3011466591","https://openalex.org/W3019599198","https://openalex.org/W3029901056","https://openalex.org/W3031162175","https://openalex.org/W3034691820","https://openalex.org/W3040720680","https://openalex.org/W3044102754","https://openalex.org/W3095352334","https://openalex.org/W3096306043","https://openalex.org/W3109469064","https://openalex.org/W3110917798","https://openalex.org/W3111361245","https://openalex.org/W3131910425","https://openalex.org/W3133932773","https://openalex.org/W3135553118","https://openalex.org/W3138182180","https://openalex.org/W3138470817","https://openalex.org/W3156161219","https://openalex.org/W3161737286","https://openalex.org/W3194714732","https://openalex.org/W3217604822","https://openalex.org/W4200006213","https://openalex.org/W4230005434","https://openalex.org/W4287775750","https://openalex.org/W6779759679","https://openalex.org/W6786532134","https://openalex.org/W6800435349"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4213139346","https://openalex.org/W3204036590","https://openalex.org/W3036030877","https://openalex.org/W1989717680","https://openalex.org/W3158100496","https://openalex.org/W3130225502","https://openalex.org/W2170160357","https://openalex.org/W3092535229","https://openalex.org/W2012140923","https://openalex.org/W4287554683"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"
":[0,1,2,209,210],"Since":[3],"the":[4,15,18,27,30,55,63,68,119,148,169,180,197,200],"beginning":[5],"of":[6,17,32,34,57,62,86,122,168,199],"2020,":[7],"COVID-19":[8],"has":[9],"had":[10],"a":[11,35,74],"strong":[12],"impact":[13],"on":[14],"health":[16],"world":[19],"population.":[20],"The":[21],"mostly":[22],"used":[23],"approach":[24],"to":[25,93],"stop":[26],"epidemic":[28,37],"is":[29,60,73,103],"application":[31],"controls":[33],"classic":[36],"such":[38],"as":[39,46,48,177,179],"case":[40],"isolation,":[41],"contact":[42,71,130],"monitoring,":[43],"and":[44,51,82,88,101,150,160,165,184],"quarantine,":[45],"well":[47,178],"physical":[49],"distancing":[50],"hygienic":[52],"measures.":[53],"Tracing":[54],"contacts":[56,108],"infected":[58],"people":[59],"one":[61],"main":[64],"strategies":[65],"for":[66,135],"controlling":[67],"pandemic.":[69],"Manual":[70],"tracing":[72,139],"slow,":[75],"error-prone":[76],"(by":[77],"omission":[78],"or":[79],"forgotten)":[80],"process,":[81],"vulnerable":[83],"in":[84,106,113,146],"terms":[85],"security":[87,149],"privacy.":[89],"Furthermore,":[90],"it":[91,102],"needs":[92],"be":[94],"carried":[95],"out":[96],"by":[97],"specially":[98],"trained":[99],"personnel":[100],"not":[104],"effective":[105,128],"identifying":[107],"with":[109],"strangers":[110],"(for":[111],"example":[112],"public":[114],"transport,":[115],"supermarkets,":[116],"etc).":[117],"Given":[118],"high":[120],"rates":[121],"contagion,":[123],"which":[124],"makes":[125],"difficult":[126],"an":[127,163],"manual":[129],"tracing,":[131],"multiple":[132],"initiatives":[133],"arose":[134],"developing":[136],"digital":[137],"proximity":[138],"technologies.":[140],"In":[141,188],"this":[142],"paper,":[143],"we":[144,161,190],"discuss":[145],"depth":[147],"personal":[151,205],"data":[152,206],"protection":[153,207],"requirements":[154],"that":[155,172,194],"these":[156],"technologies":[157,185],"must":[158],"satisfy,":[159],"present":[162],"exhaustive":[164],"detailed":[166],"list":[167],"various":[170],"applications":[171],"have":[173],"been":[174],"deployed":[175],"globally,":[176],"underlying":[181],"infrastructure":[182],"models":[183],"they":[186],"used.":[187],"particular,":[189],"identify":[191],"potential":[192],"threats":[193],"could":[195],"undermine":[196],"satisfaction":[198],"analyzed":[201],"requirements,":[202],"violating":[203],"hegemonic":[204],"regulations.
":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}