{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3119385107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.wmt-1.53","title":"Document Level NMT of Low-Resource Languages with Backtranslation","display_name":"Document Level NMT of Low-Resource Languages with Backtranslation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3119385107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.wmt-1.53","mag":"3119385107"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2020.wmt-1.53","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.wmt-1.53","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2020.wmt-1.53.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Machine Translation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2020.wmt-1.53.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000830883","display_name":"Sami Ul Haq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6260-8407"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Ul Haq","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009618709","display_name":"Sadaf Abdul-Rauf","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadaf Abdul Rauf","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045976790","display_name":"Arsalan Shaukat","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arsalan Shaukat","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020617240","display_name":"Abdullah Saeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2021-1089"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2708,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66504626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"442","last_page":"446"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8400788307189941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.812019944190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6601012945175171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6434579491615295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.5808627009391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5723869204521179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marathi","display_name":"Marathi","score":0.5370380878448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.470127671957016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-translation","display_name":"Language translation","score":0.4328770041465759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.09408128261566162}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8400788307189941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.812019944190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6601012945175171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6434579491615295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5808627009391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5723869204521179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776844415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571","display_name":"Marathi","level":2,"score":0.5370380878448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.470127671957016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986862884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7553","display_name":"Language translation","level":3,"score":0.4328770041465759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.09408128261566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2020.wmt-1.53","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.wmt-1.53","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2020.wmt-1.53.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Machine Translation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:3119385107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.wmt-1.53.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306418267","display_name":"Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2020.wmt-1.53","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.wmt-1.53","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2020.wmt-1.53.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Machine Translation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326275","display_name":"Higher Education Commision, Pakistan","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3119385107.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3119385107.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294808479","https://openalex.org/W2470673105","https://openalex.org/W2561274697","https://openalex.org/W2756566411","https://openalex.org/W2757281913","https://openalex.org/W2799051177","https://openalex.org/W2808508619","https://openalex.org/W2891534142","https://openalex.org/W2962712961","https://openalex.org/W2963212250","https://openalex.org/W2963216553","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963500732","https://openalex.org/W2963842551","https://openalex.org/W2964093087","https://openalex.org/W2964202354","https://openalex.org/W2964289193","https://openalex.org/W2964291396","https://openalex.org/W3007795830","https://openalex.org/W3032795377","https://openalex.org/W3045523169","https://openalex.org/W3045570277"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772120246","https://openalex.org/W2972840215","https://openalex.org/W3017195079","https://openalex.org/W2963708445","https://openalex.org/W3045570277","https://openalex.org/W3105865624","https://openalex.org/W3201284524","https://openalex.org/W2982588609","https://openalex.org/W3204712539","https://openalex.org/W3120348349","https://openalex.org/W2952635012","https://openalex.org/W3004495106","https://openalex.org/W3113440070","https://openalex.org/W2969707108","https://openalex.org/W2958953787","https://openalex.org/W3204726280","https://openalex.org/W3116912800","https://openalex.org/W3044485699","https://openalex.org/W3022088813","https://openalex.org/W3198736145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"our":[3,60,73],"system":[4,30],"submission":[5],"to":[6,42,71,85],"WMT20":[7],"shared":[8],"task":[9],"on":[10,64],"similar":[11,26],"language":[12,27],"translation.We":[13],"examined":[14],"the":[15],"use":[16],"of":[17,34,50,92],"documentlevel":[18],"neural":[19],"machine":[20],"translation":[21,70,90],"(NMT)":[22],"systems":[23],"for":[24,57,88],"low-resource,":[25],"pair":[28],"Marathi-Hindi.Our":[29],"is":[31,54,62],"an":[32],"extension":[33],"state-of-the-art":[35],"Transformer":[36],"architecture":[37],"with":[38,68,99],"hierarchical":[39],"attention":[40],"networks":[41],"incorporate":[43],"contextual":[44],"information.Since,":[45],"NMT":[46,79,87],"requires":[47],"large":[48],"amount":[49],"parallel":[51],"data":[52,67],"which":[53],"not":[55],"available":[56],"this":[58],"task,":[59],"approach":[61],"focused":[63],"utilizing":[65],"monolingual":[66],"back":[69],"train":[72],"models.Our":[74],"experiments":[75],"reveal":[76],"that":[77],"document-level":[78],"can":[80],"be":[81],"a":[82],"reasonable":[83],"alternative":[84],"sentence-level":[86],"improving":[89],"quality":[91],"low":[93],"resourced":[94],"languages":[95],"even":[96],"when":[97],"used":[98],"synthetic":[100],"data.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2021-01-18T00:00:00"}
