{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2970325945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-5359","title":"EED: Extended Edit Distance Measure for Machine Translation","display_name":"EED: Extended Edit Distance Measure for Machine Translation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2970325945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-5359","mag":"2970325945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w19-5359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-5359","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-5359.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Machine Translation (Volume 2: Shared Task Papers, Day 1)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-5359.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108520749","display_name":"Peter Stanchev","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Stanchev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006737674","display_name":"Weiyue Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9127-7544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiyue Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112501010","display_name":"Hermann Ney","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hermann Ney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108520749"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7458,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92615238,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"514","last_page":"520"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.8962146043777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8463059663772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.7199780941009521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edit-distance","display_name":"Edit distance","score":0.7196784615516663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.67952561378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaluation-of-machine-translation","display_name":"Evaluation of machine translation","score":0.6268824338912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6215240955352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bleu","display_name":"BLEU","score":0.600304365158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4871777892112732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.42159950733184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3935566544532776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.2907106280326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/example-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","score":0.2686048150062561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation-software-usability","display_name":"Machine translation software usability","score":0.10548949241638184}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.8962146043777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8463059663772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.7199780941009521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44359876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5338467","display_name":"Edit distance","level":2,"score":0.7196784615516663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.67952561378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135784402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6958279","display_name":"Evaluation of machine translation","level":5,"score":0.6268824338912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6215240955352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C622187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3500773","display_name":"BLEU","level":3,"score":0.600304365158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4871777892112732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42159950733184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3935566544532776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2907106280326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24687705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753284","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","level":3,"score":0.2686048150062561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148526163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6723733","display_name":"Machine translation software usability","level":4,"score":0.10548949241638184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w19-5359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-5359","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-5359.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Machine Translation (Volume 2: Shared Task Papers, Day 1)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w19-5359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-5359","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-5359.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Machine Translation (Volume 2: Shared Task Papers, Day 1)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4956428346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020 research and innovatio","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5036817778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innov","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5106512922","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7366229540","display_name":"A Sequence Classification Framework for Human Language Technology","funder_award_id":"694537","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7842005466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8633428685","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovat","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2970325945.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2970325945.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20811212","https://openalex.org/W1647671624","https://openalex.org/W1970026646","https://openalex.org/W2078861931","https://openalex.org/W2149327368","https://openalex.org/W2154124206","https://openalex.org/W2250342921","https://openalex.org/W2250875036","https://openalex.org/W2260677151","https://openalex.org/W2294699749","https://openalex.org/W2323907496","https://openalex.org/W2508316494","https://openalex.org/W2512848817","https://openalex.org/W2902215807","https://openalex.org/W2903188467","https://openalex.org/W2903376039","https://openalex.org/W2915756181"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3151736118","https://openalex.org/W2395641992","https://openalex.org/W4280571180","https://openalex.org/W2099607809","https://openalex.org/W3021126373","https://openalex.org/W92588874","https://openalex.org/W2518299649","https://openalex.org/W2807475932","https://openalex.org/W2140343992","https://openalex.org/W2903057408"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,16,36,43,56],"years":[2],"a":[3],"number":[4],"of":[5,20,39,55],"machine":[6,40],"translation":[7,41],"metrics":[8,47],"have":[9,29],"been":[10,30],"developed":[11],"in":[12],"order":[13],"to":[14,70],"evaluate":[15],"accuracy":[17],"and":[18,27,68],"quality":[19],"machinegenerated":[21],"translations.":[22],"Metrics":[23],"such":[24],"as":[25],"BLEU":[26],"TER":[28],"used":[31],"for":[32,45],"decades.":[33],"However,":[34],"with":[35],"rapid":[37],"progress":[38],"systems,":[42],"need":[44],"better":[46,61],"is":[48],"growing.":[49],"This":[50],"paper":[51],"proposes":[52],"an":[53],"extension":[54],"edit":[57],"distance,":[58],"which":[59],"achieves":[60],"human":[62],"correlation,":[63],"whilst":[64],"remaining":[65],"fast,":[66],"flexible":[67],"easy":[69],"understand.":[71]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}