{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2971124360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-4413","title":"(Almost) Unsupervised Grammatical Error Correction using Synthetic Comparable Corpus","display_name":"(Almost) Unsupervised Grammatical Error Correction using Synthetic Comparable Corpus","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2971124360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-4413","mag":"2971124360"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w19-4413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-4413","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-4413.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fourteenth Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-4413.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010294982","display_name":"Satoru Katsumata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9028-3598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69740276","display_name":"Tokyo Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ws30h19","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satoru Katsumata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Metropolitan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Metropolitan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061931124","display_name":"Mamoru Komachi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-1739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69740276","display_name":"Tokyo Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ws30h19","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mamoru Komachi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Metropolitan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Metropolitan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5785,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75961664,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"134","last_page":"138"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8284971117973328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase","display_name":"Phrase","score":0.7452767491340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7350065112113953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7271484136581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.677680253982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6010578870773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.5226821303367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.4516753554344177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-corpus","display_name":"Text corpus","score":0.4491998553276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bleu","display_name":"BLEU","score":0.4459199607372284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.4329819083213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.41717711091041565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3528393805027008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12234082818031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.09248083829879761}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8284971117973328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.7452767491340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7350065112113953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7271484136581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.677680253982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6010578870773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.5226821303367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.4516753554344177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2474386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461183","display_name":"Text corpus","level":2,"score":0.4491998553276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C622187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3500773","display_name":"BLEU","level":3,"score":0.4459199607372284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4329819083213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.41717711091041565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3528393805027008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12234082818031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.09248083829879761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w19-4413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-4413","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-4413.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fourteenth Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w19-4413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-4413","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-4413.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fourteenth Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2971124360.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2971124360.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1721115786","https://openalex.org/W2107440414","https://openalex.org/W2134800885","https://openalex.org/W2146574666","https://openalex.org/W2148708890","https://openalex.org/W2153013403","https://openalex.org/W2175296493","https://openalex.org/W2251613956","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2595715041","https://openalex.org/W2611669587","https://openalex.org/W2741494657","https://openalex.org/W2798931235","https://openalex.org/W2803237843","https://openalex.org/W2810035278","https://openalex.org/W2890007195","https://openalex.org/W2898785264","https://openalex.org/W2962784628","https://openalex.org/W2963206679","https://openalex.org/W2963975242","https://openalex.org/W2964266061","https://openalex.org/W2970868759"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099607809","https://openalex.org/W2395641992","https://openalex.org/W3021126373","https://openalex.org/W2807475932","https://openalex.org/W4280571180","https://openalex.org/W2903057408","https://openalex.org/W92588874","https://openalex.org/W2426188458","https://openalex.org/W2963991316","https://openalex.org/W2972060578"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,25],"introduce":[1],"unsupervised":[2],"techniques":[3],"based":[4],"on":[5,16,32],"phrase-based":[6],"statistical":[7],"machine":[8],"translation":[9],"for":[10],"grammatical":[11],"error":[12],"correction":[13],"(GEC)":[14],"trained":[15],"a":[17,33,48],"pseudo":[18],"learner":[19],"corpus":[20],"created":[21],"by":[22],"Google":[23],"Translation.":[24],"verified":[26],"our":[27],"GEC":[28],"system":[29],"through":[30],"experiments":[31],"low":[34],"resource":[35],"track":[36],"of":[37,56],"the":[38,60],"shared":[39],"task":[40],"at":[41],"Building":[42],"Educational":[43],"Applications":[44],"2019":[45],"(BEA2019).":[46],"As":[47],"result,":[49],"we":[50],"achieved":[51],"an":[52],"F":[53],"0.5":[54],"score":[55],"28.31":[57],"points":[58],"with":[59],"test":[61],"data.":[62]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
