{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969071806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-4332","title":"Leveraging Pre-Trained Embeddings for Welsh Taggers","display_name":"Leveraging Pre-Trained Embeddings for Welsh Taggers","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969071806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-4332","mag":"2969071806"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w19-4332","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-4332","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-4332.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Representation Learning for NLP (RepL4NLP-2019)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-4332.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041050521","display_name":"Ignatius Ezeani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8286-9997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ignatius Ezeani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070134402","display_name":"Scott Piao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3890-6521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Piao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019967091","display_name":"Steven L. Neale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4588-276X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Neale","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of English, Communication and Philosophy, Cardiff University, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of English, Communication and Philosophy, Cardiff University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058785189","display_name":"Paul Rayson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1257-2191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Rayson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078509849","display_name":"Dawn Knight","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4745-6502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawn Knight","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of English, Communication and Philosophy, Cardiff University, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of English, Communication and Philosophy, Cardiff University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041050521"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5779,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75859003,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"270","last_page":"280"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8814173936843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7273882627487183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welsh","display_name":"Welsh","score":0.6656521558761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6598507165908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5032204985618591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.46586278080940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-embedding","display_name":"Word embedding","score":0.4169248640537262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.11162012815475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.06349894404411316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8814173936843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7273882627487183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780769345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9309","display_name":"Welsh","level":2,"score":0.6656521558761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6598507165908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5032204985618591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.46586278080940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.4169248640537262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.11162012815475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.06349894404411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w19-4332","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-4332","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-4332.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Representation Learning for NLP (RepL4NLP-2019)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:135950","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/135950/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:151193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/151193/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Proceedings Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:126545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/126545/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w19-4332","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-4332","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-4332.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Representation Learning for NLP (RepL4NLP-2019)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G532868971","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES/M011348/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969071806.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969071806.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489213086","https://openalex.org/W1490304187","https://openalex.org/W1492880262","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1596986901","https://openalex.org/W1607983314","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1977109256","https://openalex.org/W2046592963","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2116873850","https://openalex.org/W2139645402","https://openalex.org/W2251053923","https://openalex.org/W2251161416","https://openalex.org/W2288894564","https://openalex.org/W2402144811","https://openalex.org/W2424671613","https://openalex.org/W2461886987","https://openalex.org/W2514820445","https://openalex.org/W2523246573","https://openalex.org/W2623965906","https://openalex.org/W2735393842","https://openalex.org/W2741986357","https://openalex.org/W2760535273","https://openalex.org/W2788190679","https://openalex.org/W2789206504","https://openalex.org/W2798778171","https://openalex.org/W2803502351","https://openalex.org/W2803520058","https://openalex.org/W2804259771","https://openalex.org/W2805443429","https://openalex.org/W2806834924","https://openalex.org/W2845344333","https://openalex.org/W2896649846","https://openalex.org/W2899455119","https://openalex.org/W2911748720","https://openalex.org/W2911926960","https://openalex.org/W2949117887","https://openalex.org/W2952054097","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2963412893","https://openalex.org/W2963667932","https://openalex.org/W2963837895","https://openalex.org/W2963888891","https://openalex.org/W2964082031","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W3121547375","https://openalex.org/W4289548496","https://openalex.org/W4297730508","https://openalex.org/W4297801177"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4321496520","https://openalex.org/W2798669739","https://openalex.org/W4323981018","https://openalex.org/W2790173704","https://openalex.org/W4289299384","https://openalex.org/W2772215414","https://openalex.org/W2984206076","https://openalex.org/W3086845375","https://openalex.org/W2398825887","https://openalex.org/W3158961393"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"the":[1,20,36,57,68,72,86,121,147],"application":[2],"of":[3,31,59,88,120],"word":[4],"embedding":[5,109],"models":[6,54],"to":[7,17,29,51,55,63,70,136],"downstream":[8],"Natural":[9],"Language":[10],"Processing":[11],"(NLP)":[12],"tasks":[13,139],"has":[14],"been":[15],"shown":[16],"be":[18],"successful,":[19],"benefits":[21],"for":[22,34,42,99,104,126],"low-resource":[23,43],"languages":[24,44,66],"is":[25,77],"somewhat":[26],"limited":[27],"due":[28],"lack":[30],"adequate":[32],"data":[33],"training":[35],"models.":[37],"However,":[38],"NLP":[39,60],"research":[40],"efforts":[41],"have":[45],"focused":[46],"on":[47,91],"constantly":[48],"seeking":[49],"ways":[50],"harness":[52],"pre-trained":[53,108],"improve":[56],"performance":[58,115],"systems":[61],"built":[62],"process":[64],"these":[65],"without":[67],"need":[69],"reinvent":[71],"wheel.":[73],"One":[74],"such":[75],"language":[76],"Welsh":[78,105],"and":[79,101,128,134],"therefore,":[80],"in":[81],"this":[82],"paper,":[83],"we":[84],"present":[85],"results":[87],"our":[89,141],"experiments":[90],"learning":[92],"a":[93,107],"simple":[94],"multi-task":[95],"neural":[96],"network":[97],"model":[98,110],"partof-speech":[100],"semantic":[102,129],"tagging":[103],"using":[106],"from":[111],"Fast-Text.":[112],"Our":[113],"model's":[114],"was":[116],"compared":[117,143],"with":[118,146],"those":[119],"existing":[122,148],"rule-based":[123],"standalone":[124],"taggers":[125],"part-of-speech":[127],"taggers.":[130,149],"Despite":[131],"its":[132],"simplicity":[133],"capacity":[135],"perform":[137],"both":[138],"simultaneously,":[140],"tagger":[142],"very":[144],"well":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}