{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2966371977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-4027","title":"Toward Dialogue Modeling: A Semantic Annotation Scheme for Questions and Answers","display_name":"Toward Dialogue Modeling: A Semantic Annotation Scheme for Questions and Answers","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2966371977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-4027","mag":"2966371977"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w19-4027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-4027","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-4027.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 13th Linguistic Annotation Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-4027.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073695910","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Andrea Cruz Bland\u00f3n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2443-5116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121838","display_name":"Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications","ror":"https://ror.org/02vnf0c38","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90183372","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine","ror":"https://ror.org/04vfs2w97","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda Andrea Cruz Bland\u00f3n","raw_affiliation_strings":["LORIA, UMR 7503, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria Nancy, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LORIA, UMR 7503, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria Nancy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034079638","display_name":"Gosse Minnema","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7392-1818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121838","display_name":"Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications","ror":"https://ror.org/02vnf0c38","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90183372","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine","ror":"https://ror.org/04vfs2w97","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gosse Minnema","raw_affiliation_strings":["LORIA, UMR 7503, Universit de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria Nancy, France","LORIA, UMR 7503, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria Nancy, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LORIA, UMR 7503, Universit de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria Nancy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LORIA, UMR 7503, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria Nancy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084787300","display_name":"Aria Nourbakhsh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2233-3155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121838","display_name":"Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications","ror":"https://ror.org/02vnf0c38","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90183372","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine","ror":"https://ror.org/04vfs2w97","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aria Nourbakhsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["LORIA, UMR 7503, Universit de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria Nancy, France","LORIA, UMR 7503, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria Nancy, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LORIA, UMR 7503, Universit de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria Nancy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LORIA, UMR 7503, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria Nancy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065143996","display_name":"Maria Boritchev","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121838","display_name":"Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications","ror":"https://ror.org/02vnf0c38","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90183372","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine","ror":"https://ror.org/04vfs2w97","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Boritchev","raw_affiliation_strings":["LORIA, UMR 7503, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria Nancy, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LORIA, UMR 7503, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria Nancy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066715241","display_name":"Maxime Amblard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2924-475X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121838","display_name":"Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications","ror":"https://ror.org/02vnf0c38","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90183372","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine","ror":"https://ror.org/04vfs2w97","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maxime Amblard","raw_affiliation_strings":["LORIA, UMR 7503, Universit de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria Nancy, France","LORIA, UMR 7503, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria Nancy, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LORIA, UMR 7503, Universit de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria Nancy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LORIA, UMR 7503, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria Nancy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1097,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38817567,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"230","last_page":"235"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.8975057601928711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.8746285438537598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-annotation","display_name":"Semantic annotation","score":0.784307599067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7565125226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5697392821311951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5633038282394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-annotation","display_name":"Temporal annotation","score":0.45737481117248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4072647988796234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.15439069271087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06269121170043945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.8975057601928711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.8746285438537598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985727698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Semantic annotation","level":3,"score":0.784307599067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7565125226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5697392821311951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5633038282394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7044111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15844891","display_name":"Temporal annotation","level":5,"score":0.45737481117248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4072647988796234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.15439069271087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06269121170043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14919245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1976109","display_name":"Language technology","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129353971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156949","display_name":"Comprehension approach","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w19-4027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-4027","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-4027.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 13th Linguistic Annotation Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1908.09921","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1908.09921","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.09921","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w19-4027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-4027","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-4027.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 13th Linguistic Annotation Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2966371977.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2966371977.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14996564","https://openalex.org/W26963497","https://openalex.org/W1559297830","https://openalex.org/W1579838312","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2062946627","https://openalex.org/W2070246124","https://openalex.org/W2128970689","https://openalex.org/W2149706766","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2957342141","https://openalex.org/W4236137412"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570025324","https://openalex.org/W2116902754","https://openalex.org/W4385569300","https://openalex.org/W2369337446","https://openalex.org/W2126412646","https://openalex.org/W2966371977","https://openalex.org/W2206855020","https://openalex.org/W3032255889","https://openalex.org/W2105339902","https://openalex.org/W2972508764"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"present":[1],"study":[2],"proposes":[3],"an":[4],"annotation":[5],"scheme":[6,24],"for":[7,21,43],"classifying":[8],"the":[9,23],"content":[10],"and":[11,25,33],"discourse":[12],"contribution":[13],"of":[14],"question-answer":[15],"pairs.":[16],"We":[17],"propose":[18],"detailed":[19],"guidelines":[20],"using":[22],"apply":[26],"them":[27],"to":[28],"dialogues":[29],"in":[30],"English,":[31],"Spanish,":[32],"Dutch.":[34],"Finally,":[35],"we":[36],"report":[37],"on":[38],"initial":[39],"machine":[40],"learning":[41],"experiments":[42],"automatic":[44],"annotation.":[45]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2019-08-13T00:00:00"}