{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2901304000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-6527","title":"Underspecified Universal Dependency Structures as Inputs for Multilingual Surface Realisation","display_name":"Underspecified Universal Dependency Structures as Inputs for Multilingual Surface Realisation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2901304000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-6527","mag":"2901304000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w18-6527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-6527","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-6527.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Natural Language Generation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-6527.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077016111","display_name":"Simon Mille","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8852-2764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Mille","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010118897","display_name":"Anja Belz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0552-8096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71637028","display_name":"University of Brighton","ror":"https://ror.org/04kp2b655","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71637028"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anja Belz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Brighton Brighton, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Brighton Brighton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71637028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066427994","display_name":"Bernd Bohnet","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernd Bohnet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc. London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc. London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087323271","display_name":"Leo Wanner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9446-3748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11932220","display_name":"Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats","ror":"https://ror.org/0371hy230","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11932220"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leo Wanner","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICREA and Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICREA and Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11932220","https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5845,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88339187,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"199","last_page":"209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realisation","display_name":"Realisation","score":0.908417284488678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7964954972267151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","score":0.6966234445571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/czech","display_name":"Czech","score":0.6825003623962402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6114071011543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5904014706611633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portuguese","display_name":"Portuguese","score":0.5774074196815491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5236613154411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4971933662891388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","score":0.48172929883003235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.4418559968471527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.43934139609336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-generation","display_name":"Natural language generation","score":0.43662628531455994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.3515806198120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12572312355041504}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779462738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146409","display_name":"Realisation","level":2,"score":0.908417284488678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7964954972267151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6966234445571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777842544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9056","display_name":"Czech","level":2,"score":0.6825003623962402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6114071011543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5904014706611633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35219183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5146","display_name":"Portuguese","level":2,"score":0.5774074196815491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5236613154411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4971933662891388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.48172929883003235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.4418559968471527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.43934139609336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776187449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Natural language generation","level":3,"score":0.43662628531455994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3515806198120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12572312355041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w18-6527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-6527","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-6527.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Natural Language Generation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/8f0f0eb4-7351-466f-b4e9-beea383f3136","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/publications/8f0f0eb4-7351-466f-b4e9-beea383f3136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401758","display_name":"University of Brighton Repository (University of Brighton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71637028","host_organization_name":"University of Brighton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71637028"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mille, S, Belz, A, Bohnet, B & Wanner, L 2018, Underspecified Universal Dependency Structures as Inputs for Multilingual Surface Realisation. in Proceedings of the 11th International Natural Language Generation Conference. The Association for Computational Linguistics, 11th International Conference on Natural Language Generation, Tilburg, Netherlands, 5/11/18. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/W18-6527","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doras.dcu.ie:28623","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401511","display_name":"Dublin City University Open Access Institutional Repository (Dublin City University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I42934936","host_organization_name":"Dublin City University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w18-6527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-6527","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-6527.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Natural Language Generation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2295001110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-779962","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3130361054","display_name":"Retrieval and Analysis of Heterogeneous Online Content for Terrorist Activity Recognition","funder_award_id":"700024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3632197722","display_name":"Enhancing decision support and management services in extreme weather climate events","funder_award_id":"700475","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4093061567","display_name":"Visual and textual content re-purposing FOR(4) architecture, Design and video virtual reality games","funder_award_id":"779962","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4937468798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7208606672","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"779962","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2901304000.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2901304000.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W131863957","https://openalex.org/W158901886","https://openalex.org/W1493882948","https://openalex.org/W1597744629","https://openalex.org/W1962622193","https://openalex.org/W1970849810","https://openalex.org/W2037171735","https://openalex.org/W2043147031","https://openalex.org/W2054177078","https://openalex.org/W2054496757","https://openalex.org/W2080656168","https://openalex.org/W2111848214","https://openalex.org/W2116716943","https://openalex.org/W2123132948","https://openalex.org/W2125417976","https://openalex.org/W2158847908","https://openalex.org/W2752446824","https://openalex.org/W2794872748","https://openalex.org/W2898454195","https://openalex.org/W4252316627","https://openalex.org/W4300532998"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1937442440","https://openalex.org/W4246762503","https://openalex.org/W4210761911","https://openalex.org/W1816112200","https://openalex.org/W30836971","https://openalex.org/W2152921782","https://openalex.org/W382594479","https://openalex.org/W104654096","https://openalex.org/W2470045054","https://openalex.org/W2575772232"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,85],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,87],"present":[4],"the":[5,9,15,24,46,65,70,80,89,113,120,124,128],"datasets":[6,66],"used":[7],"in":[8,28,50,62,101,127],"Shallow":[10,25],"and":[11,43,58,74,92,110],"Deep":[12,47,81],"Tracks":[13],"of":[14,79,119],"First":[16],"Multilingual":[17],"Surface":[18],"Realisation":[19],"Shared":[20],"Task":[21],"(SR'18).":[22],"For":[23,45],"Track,":[26,48],"data":[27,49],"ten":[29],"languages":[30,52],"has":[31],"been":[32],"released:":[33],"Arabic,":[34],"Czech,":[35],"Dutch,":[36],"English,":[37,56],"Finnish,":[38],"French,":[39],"Italian,":[40],"Portuguese,":[41],"Russian":[42],"Spanish.":[44,59],"three":[51],"is":[53],"made":[54],"available:":[55],"French":[57],"We":[60],"describe":[61],"detail":[63],"how":[64],"were":[67],"derived":[68],"from":[69,99],"Universal":[71],"Dependencies":[72],"V2.0,":[73],"report":[75],"on":[76],"an":[77],"evaluation":[78],"Track":[82],"input":[83],"quality.":[84],"addition,":[86],"examine":[88],"motivation":[90],"for,":[91],"likely":[93],"usefulness":[94],"of,":[95],"deriving":[96],"NLG":[97,129],"inputs":[98,115],"annotations":[100],"resources":[102],"originally":[103],"developed":[104],"for":[105,123],"Natural":[106],"Language":[107],"Understanding":[108],"(NLU),":[109],"assess":[111],"whether":[112],"resulting":[114],"supply":[116],"enough":[117],"information":[118],"right":[121],"kind":[122],"final":[125],"stage":[126],"process.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
