{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2902409908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-6471","title":"Multi-source transformer with combined losses for automatic post editing","display_name":"Multi-source transformer with combined losses for automatic post editing","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2902409908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-6471","mag":"2902409908"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w18-6471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-6471","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-6471.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Third Conference on Machine Translation: Shared Task Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-6471.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035745039","display_name":"Amirhossein Tebbifakhr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amirhossein Tebbifakhr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, Povo, Trento -Italy","University of Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, Povo, Trento -Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034426967","display_name":"Ruchit Agrawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3609-9589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruchit Agrawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, Povo, Trento -Italy","University of Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, Povo, Trento -Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015363344","display_name":"Matteo Negri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8811-4330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Negri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, Povo, Trento -Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, Povo, Trento -Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025827839","display_name":"Marco Turchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-4496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Turchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, Povo, Trento -Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, Povo, Trento -Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035745039"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587","https://openalex.org/I2277624104"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0283,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90128164,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"846","last_page":"852"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.8352265954017639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8218700885772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.8121886253356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bleu","display_name":"BLEU","score":0.6569250226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.6238757967948914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase","display_name":"Phrase","score":0.6101846694946289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5947418212890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5422161817550659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5245212316513062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.46058031916618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4570576846599579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.09933331608772278}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.8352265954017639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8218700885772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.8121886253356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C622187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3500773","display_name":"BLEU","level":3,"score":0.6569250226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.6238757967948914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.6101846694946289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5947418212890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5422161817550659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5245212316513062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.46058031916618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4570576846599579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.09933331608772278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w18-6471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-6471","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-6471.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Third Conference on Machine Translation: Shared Task Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:3006354580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cris.fbk.eu/bitstream/11582/316429/1/WMT099.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w18-6471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-6471","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-6471.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Third Conference on Machine Translation: Shared Task Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","display_name":"Nvidia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2902409908.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2902409908.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W2016856586","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2143177362","https://openalex.org/W2149327368","https://openalex.org/W2176263492","https://openalex.org/W2251994258","https://openalex.org/W2512924740","https://openalex.org/W2575583396","https://openalex.org/W2758010889","https://openalex.org/W2758074402","https://openalex.org/W2758520323","https://openalex.org/W2760656271","https://openalex.org/W2791510479","https://openalex.org/W2903193068","https://openalex.org/W2962678612","https://openalex.org/W2962784628","https://openalex.org/W2963212250","https://openalex.org/W2963261349","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963463964","https://openalex.org/W2963816901","https://openalex.org/W2964034111","https://openalex.org/W4245882962","https://openalex.org/W4385245566"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099607809","https://openalex.org/W2395641992","https://openalex.org/W2807475932","https://openalex.org/W3021126373","https://openalex.org/W2384400852","https://openalex.org/W1915251500","https://openalex.org/W4280571180","https://openalex.org/W3066373881","https://openalex.org/W4297922883","https://openalex.org/W3204898214"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"approaches":[1],"to":[2,64,71,91,138,173],"the":[3,24,33,43,53,75,81,85,92,103,107,118,122,128,135,153,158,162],"Automatic":[4],"Postediting":[5],"(APE)":[6],"of":[7,88,109,124,148,161,182],"Machine":[8],"Translation":[9],"(MT)":[10],"have":[11],"shown":[12],"that":[13,22],"best":[14],"results":[15],"are":[16,84],"obtained":[17],"by":[18,28,157],"neural":[19,47,125],"multi-source":[20,48],"models":[21],"correct":[23],"raw":[25],"MT":[26,110],"output":[27],"also":[29],"considering":[30],"information":[31],"from":[32,112],"corresponding":[34],"source":[35],"sentence.":[36],"To":[37],"this":[38],"aim,":[39],"we":[40,57,99,165],"present":[41],"for":[42,80],"first":[44,129,180],"time":[45],"a":[46,113],"APE":[49,95],"model":[50],"based":[51],"on":[52],"Transformer":[54],"architecture.":[55],"Moreover,":[56],"employ":[58],"sequence-level":[59],"loss":[60],"functions":[61],"in":[62,102,117],"order":[63],"avoid":[65],"exposure":[66],"bias":[67],"during":[68],"training":[69],"and":[70,116,141,176],"be":[72],"consistent":[73],"with":[74],"automatic":[76],"evaluation":[77],"metrics":[78],"used":[79],"task.":[82],"These":[83],"main":[86],"features":[87],"our":[89,131],"submissions":[90],"WMT":[93],"2018":[94],"shared":[96],"task,":[97],"where":[98],"participated":[100],"both":[101],"PBSMT":[104],"subtask":[105,120],"(i.e.":[106,121],"correction":[108,123],"outputs":[111],"phrase-based":[114],"system)":[115],"NMT":[119],"outputs).":[126],"In":[127,152],"subtask,":[130],"system":[132],"improves":[133],"over":[134],"baseline":[136],"up":[137],"-5.3":[139],"TER":[140,175],"+8.23":[142],"BLEU":[143],"points":[144],"ranking":[145,179],"second":[146,154],"out":[147,181],"11":[149],"submitted":[150],"runs.":[151],"one,":[155],"characterized":[156],"higher":[159],"quality":[160],"initial":[163],"translations,":[164],"report":[166],"lower":[167],"but":[168],"statistically":[169],"significant":[170],"gains":[171],"(up":[172],"-0.38":[174],"+0.8":[177],"BLEU),":[178],"10":[183],"submissions.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}