{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2898846473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-5209","title":"Evidence Types, Credibility Factors, and Patterns or Soft Rules for Weighing Conflicting Evidence: Argument Mining in the Context of Legal Rules Governing Evidence Assessment","display_name":"Evidence Types, Credibility Factors, and Patterns or Soft Rules for Weighing Conflicting Evidence: Argument Mining in the Context of Legal Rules Governing Evidence Assessment","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2898846473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-5209","mag":"2898846473"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w18-5209","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-5209","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-5209.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Argument Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-5209.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108747973","display_name":"Vern R. Walker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139290212","display_name":"Hofstra University","ror":"https://ror.org/03pm18j10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139290212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vern R. Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Laboratory for Law, Logic and Technology (LLT Lab) Maurice A. Deane School of Law Hofstra University; Hempstead, New York 11549, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Laboratory for Law, Logic and Technology (LLT Lab) Maurice A. Deane School of Law Hofstra University; Hempstead, New York 11549, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139290212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048951256","display_name":"Dina Foerster","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139290212","display_name":"Hofstra University","ror":"https://ror.org/03pm18j10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139290212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dina Foerster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Laboratory for Law, Logic and Technology (LLT Lab) Maurice A. Deane School of Law Hofstra University; Hempstead, New York 11549, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Laboratory for Law, Logic and Technology (LLT Lab) Maurice A. Deane School of Law Hofstra University; Hempstead, New York 11549, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139290212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090753515","display_name":"Julia Monica Ponce","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139290212","display_name":"Hofstra University","ror":"https://ror.org/03pm18j10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139290212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julia Monica Ponce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Laboratory for Law, Logic and Technology (LLT Lab) Maurice A. Deane School of Law Hofstra University; Hempstead, New York 11549, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Laboratory for Law, Logic and Technology (LLT Lab) Maurice A. Deane School of Law Hofstra University; Hempstead, New York 11549, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139290212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009824883","display_name":"Matthew Rosen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4164-8685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139290212","display_name":"Hofstra University","ror":"https://ror.org/03pm18j10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139290212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Rosen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Laboratory for Law, Logic and Technology (LLT Lab) Maurice A. Deane School of Law Hofstra University; Hempstead, New York 11549, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Laboratory for Law, Logic and Technology (LLT Lab) Maurice A. Deane School of Law Hofstra University; Hempstead, New York 11549, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139290212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108747973"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139290212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0566,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96374496,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"68","last_page":"78"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12755","display_name":"Legal Education and Practice Innovations","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credibility","display_name":"Credibility","score":0.8534995913505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tribunal","display_name":"Tribunal","score":0.8335986137390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argument","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","score":0.7299792170524597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typology","display_name":"Typology","score":0.7126246690750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6617653369903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-evidence","display_name":"Empirical evidence","score":0.5728058815002441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.5488959550857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3481692671775818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2622692584991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.26214101910591125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.2380426526069641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.13978341221809387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.129042387008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.10926827788352966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.06155642867088318}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.8534995913505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412224","display_name":"Tribunal","level":2,"score":0.8335986137390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.7299792170524597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75795011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917904","display_name":"Typology","level":2,"score":0.7126246690750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6617653369903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.5728058815002441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.5488959550857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3481692671775818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2622692584991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.26214101910591125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2380426526069641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.13978341221809387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.129042387008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10926827788352966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.06155642867088318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w18-5209","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-5209","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-5209.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Argument Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w18-5209","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-5209","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-5209.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Argument Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2898846473.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2898846473.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2050223480","https://openalex.org/W2085266938","https://openalex.org/W2120879767","https://openalex.org/W2144232471","https://openalex.org/W2148167777","https://openalex.org/W2217783255","https://openalex.org/W2250309026","https://openalex.org/W2250762536","https://openalex.org/W2264407790","https://openalex.org/W2510072335","https://openalex.org/W2511169442","https://openalex.org/W2511755860","https://openalex.org/W2573650477","https://openalex.org/W2756960894","https://openalex.org/W2757371962","https://openalex.org/W2758824081","https://openalex.org/W2760124296","https://openalex.org/W2780270912","https://openalex.org/W2912804155","https://openalex.org/W2973832122","https://openalex.org/W2973886516","https://openalex.org/W3121840187"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2241143171","https://openalex.org/W2799350619","https://openalex.org/W3212604275","https://openalex.org/W2480913355","https://openalex.org/W4210715198","https://openalex.org/W2008166290","https://openalex.org/W2011680956","https://openalex.org/W134013279","https://openalex.org/W2312367745","https://openalex.org/W1999140437"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"reports":[2,58],"on":[3,59],"the":[4,20,42,47,65,71,94,99],"results":[5],"of":[6,10,27,29,51,54,74],"an":[7],"empirical":[8],"study":[9],"adjudicatory":[11],"decisions":[12],"about":[13],"veterans'":[14],"claims":[15],"for":[16],"disability":[17],"benefits":[18],"in":[19,35,98],"United":[21],"States.":[22],"It":[23,56],"develops":[24],"a":[25],"typology":[26],"kinds":[28],"relevant":[30],"evidence":[31,78,95],"(argument":[32],"premises)":[33],"employed":[34],"cases,":[36],"and":[37,82],"it":[38],"identifies":[39],"factors":[40],"that":[41,64],"tribunal":[43,66],"considers":[44],"when":[45],"assessing":[46],"credibility":[48,80],"or":[49,61],"trustworthiness":[50],"individual":[52],"items":[53],"evidence.":[55,76],"also":[57],"patterns":[60,84],"\"soft":[62],"rules\"":[63],"uses":[67],"to":[68,87],"comparatively":[69],"weigh":[70],"probative":[72],"value":[73],"conflicting":[75],"These":[77],"types,":[79],"factors,":[81],"comparison":[83],"are":[85],"developed":[86],"be":[88],"inter-operable":[89],"with":[90],"legal":[91],"rules":[92],"governing":[93],"assessment":[96],"process":[97],"U.S.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
