{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2955925702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-3404","title":"Compositional Language Modeling for Icon-Based Augmentative and Alternative Communication","display_name":"Compositional Language Modeling for Icon-Based Augmentative and Alternative Communication","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2955925702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-3404","mag":"2955925702","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33935351"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w18-3404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-3404","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-3404.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Deep Learning Approaches for Low-Resource NLP","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-3404.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008165079","display_name":"Shiran Dudy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7569-5922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiran Dudy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Spoken Language Understanding, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon, USA","Center for Spoken Language Understanding Oregon Health & Science University 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd. Portland, Oregon, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Spoken Language Understanding, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Spoken Language Understanding Oregon Health & Science University 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd. Portland, Oregon, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044068445","display_name":"Steven Bedrick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0163-9397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Bedrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Spoken Language Understanding, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon, USA","Center for Spoken Language Understanding Oregon Health & Science University 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd. Portland, Oregon, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Spoken Language Understanding, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Spoken Language Understanding Oregon Health & Science University 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd. Portland, Oregon, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2018","issue":null,"first_page":"25","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12207","display_name":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12207","display_name":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9350000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icon","display_name":"Icon","score":0.9493159055709839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7998707294464111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.6677069664001465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6182910203933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.5600042939186096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.513127863407135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4763089418411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46719714999198914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmentative-and-alternative-communication","display_name":"Augmentative and alternative communication","score":0.46224263310432434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.43085813522338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.4273822605609894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4244541525840759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3702627718448639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.17628270387649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.1082165539264679}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778447006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156474","display_name":"Icon","level":2,"score":0.9493159055709839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7998707294464111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.6677069664001465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6182910203933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.5600042939186096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.513127863407135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4763089418411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46719714999198914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781083","display_name":"Augmentative and alternative communication","level":2,"score":0.46224263310432434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43085813522338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4273822605609894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4244541525840759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3702627718448639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.17628270387649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.1082165539264679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w18-3404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-3404","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-3404.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Deep Learning Approaches for Low-Resource NLP","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:33935351","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33935351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the conference. Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8087438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8087438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proc Conf Assoc Comput Linguist Meet","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w18-3404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-3404","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-3404.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Deep Learning Approaches for Low-Resource NLP","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4823612031","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01DC009834","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6646670011","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 DC009834","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7265857034","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01DC009834","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876302372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R56 DC015999","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309233","display_name":"Oregon Health and Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhx6838"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2955925702.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2955925702.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W433714084","https://openalex.org/W1486649854","https://openalex.org/W1533916863","https://openalex.org/W1562493387","https://openalex.org/W1997161938","https://openalex.org/W2071826481","https://openalex.org/W2077538051","https://openalex.org/W2078783730","https://openalex.org/W2110228239","https://openalex.org/W2119489362","https://openalex.org/W2132845931","https://openalex.org/W2150251308","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2507974895","https://openalex.org/W3099138433","https://openalex.org/W4252489443"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127122120","https://openalex.org/W1503216044","https://openalex.org/W2393609567","https://openalex.org/W2369369044","https://openalex.org/W2354143083","https://openalex.org/W2372906645","https://openalex.org/W2122415055","https://openalex.org/W4319998713","https://openalex.org/W4249220032","https://openalex.org/W2944691285"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Icon-based":[0],"communication":[1],"systems":[2,16,23],"are":[3],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6,24,50],"the":[7,32],"field":[8],"of":[9,26],"Augmentative":[10],"and":[11,21,54],"Alternative":[12],"Communication.":[13],"Typically,":[14],"icon-based":[15,37,51],"have":[17],"lagged":[18],"behind":[19],"word-":[20],"character-based":[22],"terms":[25],"predictive":[27],"typing":[28],"functionality,":[29],"due":[30],"to":[31,35],"challenges":[33],"inherent":[34],"training":[36,46],"language":[38,52],"models.":[39],"We":[40],"propose":[41],"a":[42],"method":[43],"for":[44,48],"synthesizing":[45],"data":[47],"use":[49],"models,":[53],"explore":[55],"two":[56],"different":[57],"modeling":[58],"strategies.":[59]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
