{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2805459554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-3207","title":"Code-Switching Language Modeling using Syntax-Aware Multi-Task Learning","display_name":"Code-Switching Language Modeling using Syntax-Aware Multi-Task Learning","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2805459554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-3207","mag":"2805459554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w18-3207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-3207","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-3207.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Computational Approaches to Linguistic Code-Switching","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-3207.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085516032","display_name":"Genta Indra Winata","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Genta Indra Winata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAiRE) Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong","Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAiRE) Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061096363","display_name":"Andrea Madotto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8672-715X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Madotto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAiRE) Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong","Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAiRE) Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066791810","display_name":"Chien-Sheng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5598-5324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chien-Sheng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAiRE) Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong","Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAiRE) Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065856469","display_name":"Pascale Fung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0628-7132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascale Fung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAiRE) Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong","Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAiRE) Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"62","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perplexity","display_name":"Perplexity","score":0.90765380859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8724907636642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.7451298832893372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.7012289762496948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6319297552108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-switching","display_name":"Code-switching","score":0.6070882081985474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.5630910396575928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5603191256523132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache-language-model","display_name":"Cache language model","score":0.5510339736938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5093870759010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstract-syntax","display_name":"Abstract syntax","score":0.46355926990509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4460919499397278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstract-syntax-tree","display_name":"Abstract syntax tree","score":0.4425402879714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.42546582221984863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.41794461011886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.32232221961021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.25863856077194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-networking-language","display_name":"Universal Networking Language","score":0.19688892364501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.12301412224769592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension-approach","display_name":"Comprehension approach","score":0.07243666052818298}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100279451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372193","display_name":"Perplexity","level":3,"score":0.90765380859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8724907636642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7451298832893372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.7012289762496948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6319297552108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18552078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255615","display_name":"Code-switching","level":2,"score":0.6070882081985474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.5630910396575928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5603191256523132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39608478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5015979","display_name":"Cache language model","level":5,"score":0.5510339736938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5093870759010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114408938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333373","display_name":"Abstract syntax","level":3,"score":0.46355926990509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4460919499397278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58646249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127380","display_name":"Abstract syntax tree","level":3,"score":0.4425402879714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.42546582221984863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.41794461011886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.32232221961021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.25863856077194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83479923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063748","display_name":"Universal Networking Language","level":4,"score":0.19688892364501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.12301412224769592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129353971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156949","display_name":"Comprehension approach","level":3,"score":0.07243666052818298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w18-3207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-3207","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-3207.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Computational Approaches to Linguistic Code-Switching","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1805.12070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1805.12070","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1805.12070","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2805459554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/1805.12070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-97042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://lbdiscover.ust.hk/uresolver?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/HKUST:SPI&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.date=2018&rft.spage=&rft.aulast=Winata&rft.aufirst=Genta+Indra&rft.atitle=Code-Switching+Language+Modeling+using+Syntax-Aware+Multi-Task+Learning&rft.title=","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ust.hk:1783.1-97042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-97042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1805.12070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1805.12070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w18-3207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-3207","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-3207.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Computational Approaches to Linguistic Code-Switching","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323537","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2805459554.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2805459554.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82340936","https://openalex.org/W761725120","https://openalex.org/W2014962660","https://openalex.org/W2061272101","https://openalex.org/W2094655846","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2098355803","https://openalex.org/W2149778059","https://openalex.org/W2153433699","https://openalex.org/W2289899728","https://openalex.org/W2559622104","https://openalex.org/W2759245808","https://openalex.org/W2951941802","https://openalex.org/W2952230511","https://openalex.org/W2963266340","https://openalex.org/W2963347649","https://openalex.org/W2963842982"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963257891","https://openalex.org/W2407467516","https://openalex.org/W3021744364","https://openalex.org/W2767289498","https://openalex.org/W1876715006","https://openalex.org/W761725120","https://openalex.org/W2937754410","https://openalex.org/W2970776961","https://openalex.org/W3109396817","https://openalex.org/W2972417954","https://openalex.org/W3047310196","https://openalex.org/W2891616026","https://openalex.org/W2899299209","https://openalex.org/W2251892447","https://openalex.org/W3111336239","https://openalex.org/W3034284720","https://openalex.org/W3012101946","https://openalex.org/W2187807194","https://openalex.org/W3110458199","https://openalex.org/W2963050422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lack":[0],"of":[1,27,64,71,85],"text":[2],"data":[3,38],"has":[4],"been":[5],"the":[6,35,56,62,69],"major":[7],"issue":[8],"on":[9,50,91],"code-switching":[10,65],"language":[11,21,45,80],"modeling.":[12],"In":[13,53],"this":[14,54],"paper,":[15],"we":[16],"introduce":[17],"multitask":[18],"learning":[19],"based":[20,79],"model":[22,41,57],"which":[23],"shares":[24],"syntax":[25],"representation":[26],"languages":[28],"to":[29,60],"leverage":[30],"linguistic":[31],"information":[32],"and":[33,47,67,87,95],"tackle":[34],"low":[36],"resource":[37],"issue.":[39],"Our":[40,74],"jointly":[42],"learns":[43],"both":[44],"modeling":[46],"Part-of-Speech":[48],"tagging":[49],"codeswitched":[51],"utterances.":[52],"way,":[55],"is":[58],"able":[59],"identify":[61],"location":[63],"points":[66],"improves":[68],"prediction":[70],"next":[72],"word.":[73],"approach":[75],"outperforms":[76],"standard":[77],"LSTM":[78],"model,":[81],"with":[82],"an":[83],"improvement":[84],"9.7%":[86],"7.4%":[88],"in":[89],"perplexity":[90],"SEAME":[92],"Phase":[93,96],"I":[94],"II":[97],"dataset":[98],"respectively.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}