{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2756566411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w17-4715","title":"Copied Monolingual Data Improves Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation","display_name":"Copied Monolingual Data Improves Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2756566411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w17-4715","mag":"2756566411"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w17-4715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w17-4715","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W17-4715.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Second Conference on Machine Translation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W17-4715.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057417152","display_name":"Anna Currey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Currey","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025554629","display_name":"Antonio Valerio Miceli Barone","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Valerio Miceli Barone","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070589644","display_name":"Kenneth Heafield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6344-9927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Heafield","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":222,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"148","last_page":"156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.8086721897125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7923063039779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.6150532960891724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.528810977935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.508607029914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3252691626548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.06896600127220154}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.8086721897125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7923063039779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.6150532960891724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.528810977935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.508607029914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3252691626548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.06896600127220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w17-4715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w17-4715","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W17-4715.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Second Conference on Machine Translation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/7ed5dde1-7c0d-4522-ba46-f516a6e6c1b8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/7ed5dde1-7c0d-4522-ba46-f516a6e6c1b8","pdf_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/files/40918581/copy_paper.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Currey, A, Miceli Barone, A & Heafield, K 2017, Copied Monolingual Data Improves Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation. in Proceedings of the Second Conference on Machine Translation : Part of EMNLP 2017. vol. 1: Research Papers, pp. 148\u2013156, 2017 Conference on Machine Translation, Copenhagen, Denmark, 7/09/17. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/W17-4715","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/7ed5dde1-7c0d-4522-ba46-f516a6e6c1b8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/7ed5dde1-7c0d-4522-ba46-f516a6e6c1b8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Currey, A, Miceli Barone, A & Heafield, K 2017, Copied Monolingual Data Improves Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation. in Proceedings of the Second Conference on Machine Translation : Part of EMNLP 2017. vol. 1: Research Papers, pp. 148\u2013156, 2017 Conference on Machine Translation, Copenhagen, Denmark, 7/09/17. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/W17-4715","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/7ed5dde1-7c0d-4522-ba46-f516a6e6c1b8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/7ed5dde1-7c0d-4522-ba46-f516a6e6c1b8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w17-4715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w17-4715","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W17-4715.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Second Conference on Machine Translation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1633672591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N510129","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3855435662","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N510129","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313467","funder_display_name":"Alan Turing Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4072067573","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N510129/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313467","funder_display_name":"Alan Turing Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G444630160","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N510129/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4500485203","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","funder_award_id":"EP/N510129/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G777199097","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EPSRC grant EP/N510129/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8900516709","display_name":"Health in my Language","funder_award_id":"644402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313467","display_name":"Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2756566411.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2756566411.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1753482797","https://openalex.org/W1915251500","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2134800885","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2212703438","https://openalex.org/W2252272516","https://openalex.org/W2418388682","https://openalex.org/W2512924740","https://openalex.org/W2546938941","https://openalex.org/W2550821151","https://openalex.org/W2561274697","https://openalex.org/W2594229957","https://openalex.org/W2962784628","https://openalex.org/W2962801832","https://openalex.org/W2963216553","https://openalex.org/W2963266340","https://openalex.org/W2963842982","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W4307459710"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3011059803","https://openalex.org/W2775554247","https://openalex.org/W2883671469","https://openalex.org/W2110168585","https://openalex.org/W3107474891","https://openalex.org/W2250213760","https://openalex.org/W4386247111","https://openalex.org/W4327642362","https://openalex.org/W2587014613","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"train":[1],"a":[2,28],"neural":[3],"machine":[4],"translation":[5],"(NMT)":[6],"system":[7,62],"to":[8,45,70],"both":[9],"translate":[10],"sourcelanguage":[11],"text":[12,33],"and":[13,59],"copy":[14],"target-language":[15],"text,":[16],"thereby":[17],"exploiting":[18],"monolingual":[19,32],"corpora":[20],"in":[21,34],"the":[22,31,35,46,56,60,72],"target":[23,36,47],"language.":[24],"Specifically,":[25],"we":[26],"create":[27],"bitext":[29],"from":[30],"language":[37],"so":[38],"that":[39],"each":[40],"source":[41],"sentence":[42],"is":[43,52,63],"identical":[44],"sentence.":[48],"This":[49],"copied":[50],"data":[51],"then":[53],"mixed":[54],"with":[55,67],"parallel":[57],"corpus":[58],"NMT":[61],"trained":[64],"like":[65],"normal,":[66],"no":[68],"metadata":[69],"distinguish":[71],"two":[73],"input":[74],"languages.":[75]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-20T07:56:41.581041","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}