{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2740168486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w17-1101","title":"A Survey on Hate Speech Detection using Natural Language Processing","display_name":"A Survey on Hate Speech Detection using Natural Language Processing","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2740168486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w17-1101","mag":"2740168486"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w17-1101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w17-1101","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/W17-1101.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Social Media","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/W17-1101.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112619025","display_name":"Anna Grau Schmidt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spoken Language Systems Saarland University D-66123 Saarbrcken , Germany","Spoken Language Systems Saarland University D-66123 Saarbrcken, Germany","Spoken Language Systems Saarland University D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spoken Language Systems Saarland University D-66123 Saarbrcken , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spoken Language Systems Saarland University D-66123 Saarbrcken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spoken Language Systems Saarland University D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060170090","display_name":"Michael Wiegand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5403-1078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Wiegand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spoken Language Systems Saarland University D-66123 Saarbrcken , Germany","Spoken Language Systems Saarland University D-66123 Saarbrcken, Germany","Spoken Language Systems Saarland University D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spoken Language Systems Saarland University D-66123 Saarbrcken , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spoken Language Systems Saarland University D-66123 Saarbrcken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spoken Language Systems Saarland University D-66123 Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1406,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-activity-detection","display_name":"Voice activity detection","score":0.8127396106719971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7794543504714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.5927545428276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5554879903793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.5237345695495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-processing","display_name":"Speech processing","score":0.5116475224494934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4819633662700653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.47550541162490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.43444186449050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4239840805530548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40012359619140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.244532972574234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10329148173332214}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204201278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332614","display_name":"Voice activity detection","level":3,"score":0.8127396106719971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7794543504714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.5927545428276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5554879903793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5237345695495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61328038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358061","display_name":"Speech processing","level":2,"score":0.5116475224494934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4819633662700653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.47550541162490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.43444186449050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4239840805530548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40012359619140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.244532972574234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10329148173332214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w17-1101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w17-1101","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/W17-1101.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Social Media","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ids-pub.bsz-bw.de:8426","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:mh39-84266","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401750","display_name":"Publication Server of the Institute for German Language (Institute for German Language)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210099471","host_organization_name":"Leibniz Institute for the German Language","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099471"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conferenceobject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w17-1101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w17-1101","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/W17-1101.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Social Media","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2740168486.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2740168486.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78136081","https://openalex.org/W80056832","https://openalex.org/W144670803","https://openalex.org/W205930466","https://openalex.org/W1071251684","https://openalex.org/W1492737170","https://openalex.org/W1527758775","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1638659076","https://openalex.org/W1724486527","https://openalex.org/W1871142974","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W1934426326","https://openalex.org/W1993110238","https://openalex.org/W1997326096","https://openalex.org/W2005311637","https://openalex.org/W2015717769","https://openalex.org/W2016089260","https://openalex.org/W2033615083","https://openalex.org/W2044173330","https://openalex.org/W2047449974","https://openalex.org/W2121227244","https://openalex.org/W2131744502","https://openalex.org/W2145162117","https://openalex.org/W2147416287","https://openalex.org/W2157481474","https://openalex.org/W2160685721","https://openalex.org/W2164628858","https://openalex.org/W2181854537","https://openalex.org/W2247662608","https://openalex.org/W2250710744","https://openalex.org/W2303217074","https://openalex.org/W2311430799","https://openalex.org/W2340954483","https://openalex.org/W2473555522","https://openalex.org/W2564933006","https://openalex.org/W2572180805","https://openalex.org/W2585712495","https://openalex.org/W2949547296","https://openalex.org/W2950577311","https://openalex.org/W3151392175","https://openalex.org/W4231510805","https://openalex.org/W4239946314","https://openalex.org/W4300849630","https://openalex.org/W4307858169","https://openalex.org/W4394658982"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3135230428","https://openalex.org/W2904739811","https://openalex.org/W2106462793","https://openalex.org/W2559837139","https://openalex.org/W2152158029","https://openalex.org/W2012540220","https://openalex.org/W2099105119","https://openalex.org/W2131711534","https://openalex.org/W2559040841","https://openalex.org/W114661351"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3],"survey":[4,41],"on":[5],"hate":[6,21,37],"speech":[7,22,38],"detection.Given":[8],"the":[9,17,27,31],"steadily":[10],"growing":[11],"body":[12],"of":[13,19,30,54,63],"social":[14],"media":[15],"content,":[16],"amount":[18],"online":[20],"is":[23],"also":[24,60],"increasing.Due":[25],"to":[26,49],"massive":[28],"scale":[29],"web,":[32],"methods":[33],"that":[34,45],"automatically":[35,50],"detect":[36],"are":[39],"required.Our":[40],"describes":[42],"key":[43],"areas":[44],"have":[46],"been":[47],"explored":[48],"recognize":[51],"these":[52],"types":[53],"utterances":[55],"using":[56],"natural":[57],"language":[58],"processing.We":[59],"discuss":[61],"limits":[62],"those":[64],"approaches.":[65]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":100},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":163},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":131},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":155},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":155},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":248},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":188},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":137},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":112},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}