{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2513139648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-2610","title":"A Global Analysis of Emoji Usage","display_name":"A Global Analysis of Emoji Usage","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2513139648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-2610","mag":"2513139648"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w16-2610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-2610","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th Web as Corpus Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-2610","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021557805","display_name":"Nikola Ljube\u0161i\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7169-9152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3006985408","display_name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05060sz93","country_code":"SI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nikola Ljube\u0161i\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081152655","display_name":"Darja Fi\u0161er","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9956-1689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","display_name":"University of Ljubljana","ror":"https://ror.org/05njb9z20","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darja Fi\u0161er","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of  Ljubljana"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of  Ljubljana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021557805"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.2246,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":137,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99124707,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13155","display_name":"Digital Communication and Language","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13155","display_name":"Digital Communication and Language","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.970300018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.9132000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emoji","display_name":"Emoji","score":0.9945789575576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7138225436210632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mainstream","display_name":"Mainstream","score":0.6087119579315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.4629673957824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3891855776309967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37583330273628235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.32242053747177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2453102469444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12390923500061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.09853723645210266}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779247141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049294","display_name":"Emoji","level":3,"score":0.9945789575576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7138225436210632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18957","display_name":"Mainstream","level":2,"score":0.6087119579315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4629673957824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3891855776309967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37583330273628235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.32242053747177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2453102469444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12390923500061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.09853723645210266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w16-2610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-2610","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th Web as Corpus Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w16-2610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-2610","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th Web as Corpus Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1853947067","https://openalex.org/W2122522916","https://openalex.org/W2589796525","https://openalex.org/W3003215126"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389567774","https://openalex.org/W4366957678","https://openalex.org/W4285115135","https://openalex.org/W2985411437","https://openalex.org/W2510851569","https://openalex.org/W3207908059","https://openalex.org/W2797785016","https://openalex.org/W2963370879","https://openalex.org/W2915013665","https://openalex.org/W4293054771"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Emojis":[0],"are":[1],"a":[2,28,49,62,91],"quickly":[3],"spreading":[4],"and":[5,71,78],"rather":[6],"unknown":[7],"communication":[8],"phenomenon":[9],"which":[10],"occasionally":[11],"receives":[12],"attention":[13],"in":[14,98],"the":[15,20,33,43,95],"mainstream":[16],"press,":[17],"but":[18],"lacks":[19],"scientific":[21],"exploration":[22],"it":[23],"deserves.":[24],"This":[25],"paper":[26],"is":[27],"first":[29],"attempt":[30],"at":[31],"investigating":[32],"global":[34],"distribution":[35,45],"of":[36,42,46,51,75,94,101],"emojis.":[37],"We":[38,82],"perform":[39],"our":[40,102],"analysis":[41,64,74],"spatial":[44],"emojis":[47,59],"on":[48],"dataset":[50],"17":[52],"million":[53],"(and":[54],"growing)":[55],"geo-encoded":[56],"tweets":[57],"containing":[58],"by":[60],"running":[61],"cluster":[63],"over":[65],"countries":[66],"represented":[67],"as":[68],"emoji":[69,76,85],"distributions":[70,77],"performing":[72],"correlation":[73],"World":[79],"Development":[80],"Indicators.":[81],"show":[83],"that":[84],"usage":[86],"tends":[87],"to":[88],"draw":[89],"quite":[90],"realistic":[92],"picture":[93],"living":[96],"conditions":[97],"various":[99],"parts":[100],"world.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}