{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2517877360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-2353","title":"Cross-Lingual Pronoun Prediction with Deep Recurrent Neural Networks","display_name":"Cross-Lingual Pronoun Prediction with Deep Recurrent Neural Networks","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2517877360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-2353","mag":"2517877360"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w16-2353","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-2353","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W16-2353.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the First Conference on Machine Translation: Volume 2,\n          Shared Task Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W16-2353.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067940433","display_name":"Juhani Luotolahti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juhani Luotolahti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, University of Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, University of Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048932608","display_name":"Jenna Kanerva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4580-5366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jenna Kanerva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, University of Turku, Finland","University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS), Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, University of Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS), Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019929457","display_name":"Filip Ginter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5484-6103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filip Ginter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, University of Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, University of Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"596","last_page":"601"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pronoun","display_name":"Pronoun","score":0.8320530652999878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8294415473937988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.6482232213020325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.644824206829071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.63605797290802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/softmax-function","display_name":"Softmax function","score":0.5853659510612488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.5572863221168518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5351669788360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5276138782501221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4385311007499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.4346611797809601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.41614818572998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.19749900698661804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1200798749923706}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778551981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36224","display_name":"Pronoun","level":2,"score":0.8320530652999878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8294415473937988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.6482232213020325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.644824206829071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.63605797290802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188441871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146","display_name":"Softmax function","level":3,"score":0.5853659510612488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.5572863221168518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5351669788360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5276138782501221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4385311007499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.4346611797809601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.41614818572998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.19749900698661804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1200798749923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w16-2353","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-2353","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W16-2353.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the First Conference on Machine Translation: Volume 2,\n          Shared Task Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w16-2353","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-2353","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W16-2353.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the First Conference on Machine Translation: Volume 2,\n          Shared Task Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323433","display_name":"Koneen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","ror":"https://ror.org/05jwty529"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2517877360.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2517877360.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22168010","https://openalex.org/W1594011529","https://openalex.org/W1683408416","https://openalex.org/W1738081185","https://openalex.org/W2176371925","https://openalex.org/W2250783079","https://openalex.org/W2251733911","https://openalex.org/W2576212274"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2982889384","https://openalex.org/W4226227567","https://openalex.org/W2971218105","https://openalex.org/W4287113729","https://openalex.org/W3173314472","https://openalex.org/W3103152812","https://openalex.org/W1773599773","https://openalex.org/W2268150819","https://openalex.org/W2495256954","https://openalex.org/W2259317772"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"our":[5],"winning":[6],"system":[7,36,62,79],"in":[8],"the":[9,18,30,46,58,64,76,90],"WMT16":[10],"Shared":[11],"Task":[12],"on":[13,29,68,89],"Cross-Lingual":[14],"Pronoun":[15],"Prediction,":[16],"where":[17],"objective":[19],"is":[20,37],"to":[21,75],"predict":[22],"a":[23,38,54],"missing":[24],"target":[25,31,50],"language":[26,48,51,71,91],"pronoun":[27],"based":[28],"and":[32,49,85],"source":[33,47],"sentences.":[34],"Our":[35,61],"deep":[39],"recurrent":[40],"neural":[41],"network,":[42],"which":[43],"reads":[44],"both":[45],"context":[52],"with":[53],"softmax":[55],"layer":[56],"making":[57],"final":[59],"prediction.":[60],"achieves":[63],"best":[65,78],"macro":[66],"recall":[67],"all":[69],"four":[70],"pairs.":[72],"The":[73],"margin":[74],"next":[77],"ranges":[80],"between":[81],"less":[82],"than":[83],"1pp":[84],"almost":[86],"12pp":[87],"depending":[88],"pair.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}