{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2513202451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-2317","title":"NRC Russian-English Machine Translation System for WMT 2016","display_name":"NRC Russian-English Machine Translation System for WMT 2016","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2513202451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-2317","mag":"2513202451"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w16-2317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-2317","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W16-2317.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the First Conference on Machine Translation: Volume 2,\n          Shared Task Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W16-2317.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049492975","display_name":"Chi-kiu Lo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8714-7846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159778","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chi-kiu Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council Canada 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council Canada 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048302740","display_name":"Colin Cherry","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159778","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colin Cherry","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council Canada 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council Canada 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090694771","display_name":"George Foster","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159778","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Foster","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council Canada 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council Canada 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103359343","display_name":"Darlene Stewart","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159778","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darlene Stewart","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council Canada 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council Canada 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084365278","display_name":"Rabib Islam","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rabib Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065770950","display_name":"Anna Kazantseva","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159778","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Kazantseva","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council Canada 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council Canada 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103230324","display_name":"Roland K\u00fchn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1485-140X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159778","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roland Kuhn","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council Canada 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council Canada 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049492975"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5339,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9382399,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"326","last_page":"332"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.8683079481124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lemmatisation","display_name":"Lemmatisation","score":0.8601998090744019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8117761611938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.8021328449249268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7489460706710815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase","display_name":"Phrase","score":0.6768059730529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.525807797908783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/example-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","score":0.5035504698753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation-software-usability","display_name":"Machine translation software usability","score":0.46301764249801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.43455761671066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.21304583549499512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06381604075431824}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.8683079481124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161831844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2554325","display_name":"Lemmatisation","level":2,"score":0.8601998090744019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8117761611938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.8021328449249268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7489460706710815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.6768059730529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.525807797908783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24687705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753284","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","level":3,"score":0.5035504698753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148526163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6723733","display_name":"Machine translation software usability","level":4,"score":0.46301764249801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.43455761671066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.21304583549499512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06381604075431824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w16-2317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-2317","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W16-2317.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the First Conference on Machine Translation: Volume 2,\n          Shared Task Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:115399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/115399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402478","display_name":"INFM-OAR (INFN Catania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210116497","host_organization_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w16-2317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-2317","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W16-2317.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the First Conference on Machine Translation: Volume 2,\n          Shared Task Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2513202451.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2513202451.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23077562","https://openalex.org/W52972111","https://openalex.org/W193080678","https://openalex.org/W932413789","https://openalex.org/W2083460949","https://openalex.org/W2098603082","https://openalex.org/W2119202242","https://openalex.org/W2146853049","https://openalex.org/W2159755860","https://openalex.org/W2161227214","https://openalex.org/W2180952760","https://openalex.org/W2186961328","https://openalex.org/W2250907725","https://openalex.org/W2251682575","https://openalex.org/W3185386956","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2566847733","https://openalex.org/W2122287718","https://openalex.org/W3204448004","https://openalex.org/W2587602790","https://openalex.org/W2740094425","https://openalex.org/W2010336863","https://openalex.org/W3036784334","https://openalex.org/W3214198970","https://openalex.org/W4226215123","https://openalex.org/W2384400852"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"describe":[1],"the":[2,9,17,23,40,91,98,121,131,136,141],"statistical":[3,114],"machine":[4],"translation":[5,20],"system":[6,37,129],"developed":[7],"at":[8],"National":[10],"Research":[11],"Council":[12],"of":[13,22,43,48,52,61,97],"Canada":[14],"(NRC)":[15],"for":[16,63],"Russian-English":[18,127],"news":[19],"task":[21],"First":[24],"Conference":[25],"on":[26,117],"Machine":[27],"Translation":[28],"(WMT":[29],"2016).":[30],"Our":[31],"submission":[32],"is":[33,56],"a":[34,113],"phrase-based":[35],"SMT":[36,65],"that":[38,102],"tackles":[39],"morphological":[41],"complexity":[42],"Russian":[44,62,100],"through":[45],"comprehensive":[46],"use":[47,58,75,83,94],"lemmatization.":[49],"The":[50,125],"core":[51],"our":[53],"lemmatization":[54,107],"strategy":[55],"to":[57],"different":[59,64],"views":[60,96],"components:":[66],"word":[67],"alignment":[68],"and":[69,80,135],"bilingual":[70],"neural":[71],"network":[72],"language":[73],"models":[74,82],"lemmas,":[76],"while":[77],"sparse":[78],"features":[79],"reordering":[81],"fully":[84],"inflected":[85],"forms.":[86],"Some":[87],"components,":[88],"such":[89],"as":[90],"phrase":[92],"table,":[93],"both":[95],"source.":[99],"words":[101],"remain":[103],"out-ofvocabulary":[104],"(OOV)":[105],"after":[106],"are":[108],"transliterated":[109],"into":[110],"English":[111],"using":[112],"model":[115],"trained":[116],"examples":[118],"mined":[119],"from":[120],"parallel":[122],"training":[123],"corpus.":[124],"NRC":[126],"MT":[128],"achieved":[130],"highest":[132],"uncased":[133],"BLEU":[134],"lowest":[137],"TER":[138],"scores":[139],"among":[140],"eight":[142],"participants":[143],"in":[144],"WMT":[145],"2016.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}