{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2497040301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-1620","title":"Making Sense of Word Embeddings","display_name":"Making Sense of Word Embeddings","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2497040301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-1620","mag":"2497040301"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w16-1620","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-1620","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W16-1620.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Representation Learning for NLP","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W16-1620.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040814629","display_name":"Maria Pelevina","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maria Pelevina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universitt Darmstadt, LT Group, Computer Science Department, Germany","Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, LT Group, Computer Science Department, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universitt Darmstadt, LT Group, Computer Science Department, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, LT Group, Computer Science Department, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041476182","display_name":"Nikolay Arefiev","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19880235","display_name":"Lomonosov Moscow State University","ror":"https://ror.org/010pmpe69","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19880235"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolay Arefiev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Moscow State University, Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, Russia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moscow State University, Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19880235"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021287757","display_name":"Chris Biemann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8449-9624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Biemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universitt Darmstadt, LT Group, Computer Science Department, Germany","Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, LT Group, Computer Science Department, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universitt Darmstadt, LT Group, Computer Science Department, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, LT Group, Computer Science Department, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026157285","display_name":"Alexander Panchenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-6118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Panchenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universitt Darmstadt, LT Group, Computer Science Department, Germany","Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, LT Group, Computer Science Department, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universitt Darmstadt, LT Group, Computer Science Department, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, LT Group, Computer Science Department, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040814629"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":32.6873,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":136,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99664085,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"174","last_page":"183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7752650380134583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.7295998930931091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6561792492866516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6227658987045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5966959595680237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5455323457717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sense","display_name":"Sense (electronics)","score":0.5021405220031738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.459451287984848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-sense-disambiguation","display_name":"Word-sense disambiguation","score":0.4153744578361511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.22808128595352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wordnet","display_name":"WordNet","score":0.07872119545936584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7752650380134583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.7295998930931091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6561792492866516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6227658987045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5966959595680237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5455323457717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143141573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7450971","display_name":"Sense (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5021405220031738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.459451287984848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51646954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48522","display_name":"Word-sense disambiguation","level":3,"score":0.4153744578361511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.22808128595352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157659113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533822","display_name":"WordNet","level":2,"score":0.07872119545936584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w16-1620","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-1620","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W16-1620.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Representation Learning for NLP","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w16-1620","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-1620","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W16-1620.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Representation Learning for NLP","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5106512922","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6024419964","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6052429835","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(DFG)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2497040301.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2497040301.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6380806","https://openalex.org/W76263314","https://openalex.org/W185247278","https://openalex.org/W1010415138","https://openalex.org/W1513718494","https://openalex.org/W1546317785","https://openalex.org/W1555354714","https://openalex.org/W1561908597","https://openalex.org/W1593045043","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1647729745","https://openalex.org/W1816181311","https://openalex.org/W1971220772","https://openalex.org/W1976252502","https://openalex.org/W1987302197","https://openalex.org/W2035242626","https://openalex.org/W2050712820","https://openalex.org/W2055518963","https://openalex.org/W2079641356","https://openalex.org/W2100062901","https://openalex.org/W2117149238","https://openalex.org/W2117805747","https://openalex.org/W2125786288","https://openalex.org/W2127289991","https://openalex.org/W2128870637","https://openalex.org/W2130337399","https://openalex.org/W2135891920","https://openalex.org/W2141719394","https://openalex.org/W2146157311","https://openalex.org/W2162456950","https://openalex.org/W2164019165","https://openalex.org/W2164973920","https://openalex.org/W2165612380","https://openalex.org/W2178450032","https://openalex.org/W2219047839","https://openalex.org/W2247119764","https://openalex.org/W2250173379","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2250954350","https://openalex.org/W2250962194","https://openalex.org/W2251803266","https://openalex.org/W2436001372","https://openalex.org/W2510974329","https://openalex.org/W2575498714","https://openalex.org/W2950577311","https://openalex.org/W2951421399","https://openalex.org/W2963479986","https://openalex.org/W2963606136","https://openalex.org/W3154772965","https://openalex.org/W4206165639"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385542742","https://openalex.org/W2037111888","https://openalex.org/W3170014661","https://openalex.org/W4287588159","https://openalex.org/W2251000261","https://openalex.org/W2188275805","https://openalex.org/W2904069821","https://openalex.org/W3087778885","https://openalex.org/W2899345236","https://openalex.org/W3028892299"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,37],"simple":[3],"yet":[4],"effective":[5],"approach":[6,34],"for":[7],"learning":[8],"word":[9,42],"sense":[10,21,28,38,63],"embeddings.":[11],"In":[12],"contrast":[13],"to":[14,68,81],"existing":[15,41],"techniques,":[16],"which":[17,65],"either":[18],"directly":[19],"learn":[20],"representations":[22],"from":[23,30,40],"corpora":[24],"or":[25],"rely":[26],"on":[27],"inventories":[29],"lexical":[31],"resources,":[32],"our":[33,77],"can":[35],"induce":[36],"inventory":[39],"embeddings":[43],"via":[44],"clustering":[45],"of":[46,48,57,76],"ego-networks":[47],"related":[49],"words.":[50],"An":[51],"integrated":[52],"WSD":[53,84],"mechanism":[54],"enables":[55],"labeling":[56],"words":[58],"in":[59],"context":[60],"with":[61],"learned":[62],"vectors,":[64],"gives":[66],"rise":[67],"downstream":[69],"applications.":[70],"Experiments":[71],"show":[72],"that":[73],"the":[74],"performance":[75],"method":[78],"is":[79],"comparable":[80],"state-of-the-art":[82],"unsupervised":[83],"systems.":[85]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
