{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2252176245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w15-4723","title":"Designing an Algorithm for Generating Named Spatial References","display_name":"Designing an Algorithm for Generating Named Spatial References","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2252176245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w15-4723","mag":"2252176245"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w15-4723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w15-4723","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W15-4723.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation (ENLG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W15-4723.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105927123","display_name":"Rodrigo Cardoso de Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4342-9355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195460627","display_name":"University of Aberdeen","ror":"https://ror.org/016476m91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodrigo de Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Science University of Aberdeen, Scotland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science University of Aberdeen, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yaji Sripada","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195460627","display_name":"University of Aberdeen","ror":"https://ror.org/016476m91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaji Sripada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Science University of Aberdeen, Scotland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science University of Aberdeen, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005939553","display_name":"Ehud Reiter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7548-9504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195460627","display_name":"University of Aberdeen","ror":"https://ror.org/016476m91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehud Reiter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Science University of Aberdeen, Scotland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science University of Aberdeen, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8519,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88138967,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"127","last_page":"135"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7979438304901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6858331561088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mereology","display_name":"Mereology","score":0.6323540210723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5777145624160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.47445282340049744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm-design","display_name":"Algorithm design","score":0.44606462121009827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4381108283996582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4234289228916168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4132486581802368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3647216558456421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3376745581626892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3317139744758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08814442157745361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.0691850483417511}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7979438304901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6858331561088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152385842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194916","display_name":"Mereology","level":2,"score":0.6323540210723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5777145624160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.47445282340049744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.44606462121009827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4381108283996582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4234289228916168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4132486581802368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3647216558456421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3376745581626892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3317139744758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08814442157745361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0691850483417511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w15-4723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w15-4723","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W15-4723.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation (ENLG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w15-4723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w15-4723","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W15-4723.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation (ENLG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2252176245.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2252176245.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84053299","https://openalex.org/W816827677","https://openalex.org/W1526337814","https://openalex.org/W1558866924","https://openalex.org/W1606369552","https://openalex.org/W1983707534","https://openalex.org/W2054496757","https://openalex.org/W2094303736","https://openalex.org/W2119874156","https://openalex.org/W2119899663","https://openalex.org/W2125447031","https://openalex.org/W2127562446","https://openalex.org/W2149448122","https://openalex.org/W2524950722","https://openalex.org/W4249680359"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4235289313","https://openalex.org/W4394855737","https://openalex.org/W1492437063","https://openalex.org/W2248977551","https://openalex.org/W2018860261","https://openalex.org/W2509213526","https://openalex.org/W2494793519","https://openalex.org/W2348074419","https://openalex.org/W4321104182","https://openalex.org/W4366496405"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,17],"describe":[1],"an":[2,6],"initial":[3],"version":[4],"of":[5,14,63],"algorithm":[7,20,58],"for":[8],"generating":[9],"named":[10,31],"references":[11],"to":[12,73],"locations":[13],"geographic":[15],"scale.":[16],"base":[18],"the":[19,49,61],"design":[21],"on":[22,52],"evidence":[23],"from":[24],"corpora":[25],"and":[26,42],"experiments,":[27],"which":[28],"show":[29],"that":[30,43,65],"entity":[32],"usage":[33],"is":[34],"extremely":[35],"frequent,":[36],"even":[37],"in":[38],"less":[39],"obvious":[40],"scenes,":[41],"names":[44],"are":[45],"normally":[46,59],"used":[47],"as":[48],"first":[50],"focus":[51],"a":[53,77],"global":[54],"region.":[55],"The":[56],"current":[57],"selects":[60],"Frames":[62],"Reference":[64],"humans":[66],"also":[67],"select,":[68],"but":[69],"it":[70],"needs":[71],"improvement":[72],"mix":[74],"frames":[75],"via":[76],"mereological":[78],"mechanism.":[79]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}