{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2250335116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w15-4405","title":"Semi-automatic Generation of Multiple-Choice Tests from Mentions of Semantic Relations","display_name":"Semi-automatic Generation of Multiple-Choice Tests from Mentions of Semantic Relations","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2250335116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w15-4405","mag":"2250335116"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w15-4405","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w15-4405","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W15-4405.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Natural Language Processing Techniques for Educational Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W15-4405.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043140322","display_name":"Renlong Ai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Renlong Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Alt-Moabit 91c, 10559 Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Alt-Moabit 91c, 10559 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110468664","display_name":"Sebastian Krause","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Krause","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Alt-Moabit 91c, 10559 Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Alt-Moabit 91c, 10559 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109199611","display_name":"Walter Kasper","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter Kasper","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Alt-Moabit 91c, 10559 Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Alt-Moabit 91c, 10559 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100947652","display_name":"Feiyu Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feiyu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Alt-Moabit 91c, 10559 Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Alt-Moabit 91c, 10559 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112249167","display_name":"Hans Uszkoreit","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans Uszkoreit","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Alt-Moabit 91c, 10559 Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Alt-Moabit 91c, 10559 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043140322"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3353,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86843839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"26","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8543200492858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6350434422492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-comprehension","display_name":"Reading comprehension","score":0.611739456653595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-choice","display_name":"Multiple choice","score":0.5980840921401978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.5957984924316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.5545781254768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5400359034538269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.47037309408187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46434029936790466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.43521833419799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.408003568649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.27058863639831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.09865456819534302}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8543200492858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6350434422492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778780117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269423","display_name":"Reading comprehension","level":3,"score":0.611739456653595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176730311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867668","display_name":"Multiple choice","level":3,"score":0.5980840921401978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5957984924316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.5545781254768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5400359034538269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.47037309408187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46434029936790466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.43521833419799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.408003568649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.27058863639831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.09865456819534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w15-4405","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w15-4405","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W15-4405.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Natural Language Processing Techniques for Educational Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w15-4405","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w15-4405","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W15-4405.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Natural Language Processing Techniques for Educational Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G352791218","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(BMBF)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7601147525","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01IW11003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8676557040","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01IW14002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2250335116.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2250335116.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W128080946","https://openalex.org/W1483236033","https://openalex.org/W1512387364","https://openalex.org/W1751837507","https://openalex.org/W2033047024","https://openalex.org/W2096765155","https://openalex.org/W2108604762","https://openalex.org/W2167187514","https://openalex.org/W2250401573","https://openalex.org/W2250673105","https://openalex.org/W2250710698","https://openalex.org/W2251302966","https://openalex.org/W2251342771","https://openalex.org/W2251456640","https://openalex.org/W2280538463","https://openalex.org/W2341133390","https://openalex.org/W2886194558","https://openalex.org/W3126976873","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2616627668","https://openalex.org/W3137121595","https://openalex.org/W2041845775","https://openalex.org/W2938338571","https://openalex.org/W2052597504","https://openalex.org/W2082296339","https://openalex.org/W2030403248","https://openalex.org/W2161828220","https://openalex.org/W1972348076","https://openalex.org/W3005342969"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,61],"propose":[1],"a":[2,38,42,56,63,75],"strategy":[3,91],"for":[4,11,54],"the":[5,27,67,90],"semiautomatic":[6],"generation":[7],"of":[8,29,44,69,89],"learning":[9],"material":[10],"reading-comprehension":[12],"tests,":[13],"guided":[14],"by":[15],"semantic":[16],"relations":[17],"embedded":[18],"in":[19,34,81],"expository":[20],"texts.":[21],"Our":[22],"approach":[23,71],"combines":[24],"methods":[25],"from":[26],"areas":[28],"information":[30],"extraction":[31],"and":[32,48,72,92],"paraphrasing":[33],"order":[35],"to":[36],"present":[37],"language":[39,57],"teacher":[40],"with":[41],"set":[43],"candidate":[45],"multiple-choice":[46],"questions":[47],"answers":[49],"that":[50,79],"can":[51],"be":[52],"used":[53],"verifying":[55],"learners":[58],"reading":[59],"capabilities.":[60],"implemented":[62],"web-based":[64],"prototype":[65,93],"showing":[66],"feasibility":[68],"our":[70],"carried":[73],"out":[74,87],"pilot":[76],"user":[77],"evaluation":[78],"resulted":[80],"encouraging":[82],"feedback":[83],"but":[84],"also":[85],"pointed":[86],"aspects":[88],"implementation":[94],"which":[95],"need":[96],"improvements.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}