{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2250598887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w15-2816","title":"Describing Spatial Relationships between Objects in Images in English and French","display_name":"Describing Spatial Relationships between Objects in Images in English and French","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2250598887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w15-2816","mag":"2250598887"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w15-2816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w15-2816","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W15-2816.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Vision and Language","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W15-2816.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010118897","display_name":"Anja Belz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0552-8096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71637028","display_name":"University of Brighton","ror":"https://ror.org/04kp2b655","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71637028"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anja Belz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computing, Engineering and Maths University of Brighton Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computing, Engineering and Maths University of Brighton Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71637028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052348633","display_name":"Adrian Muscat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9157-2818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","display_name":"University of Malta","ror":"https://ror.org/03a62bv60","country_code":"MT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}],"countries":["MT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Muscat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications & Computer Engineering University of Malta Msida MSD 2080, Malta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications & Computer Engineering University of Malta Msida MSD 2080, Malta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086753072","display_name":"Maxime Aberton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62396329","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rouen Normandie","ror":"https://ror.org/03nhjew95","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105918","https://openalex.org/I62396329"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88814501","display_name":"Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es Rouen Normandie","ror":"https://ror.org/020ws7586","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105918","https://openalex.org/I88814501"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maxime Aberton","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSA Rouen Avenue de l'Universit 76801 Saint-tienne-du-Rouvray Cedex, France","INSA Rouen Avenue de l'Universit\u00e9 76801 Saint-\u00c9tienne-du-Rouvray Cedex, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSA Rouen Avenue de l'Universit 76801 Saint-tienne-du-Rouvray Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62396329","https://openalex.org/I88814501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSA Rouen Avenue de l'Universit\u00e9 76801 Saint-\u00c9tienne-du-Rouvray Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62396329","https://openalex.org/I88814501"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079154468","display_name":"Sami Benjelloun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62396329","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rouen Normandie","ror":"https://ror.org/03nhjew95","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105918","https://openalex.org/I62396329"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88814501","display_name":"Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es Rouen Normandie","ror":"https://ror.org/020ws7586","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105918","https://openalex.org/I88814501"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Benjelloun","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSA Rouen Avenue de l'Universit 76801 Saint-tienne-du-Rouvray Cedex, France","INSA Rouen Avenue de l'Universit\u00e9 76801 Saint-\u00c9tienne-du-Rouvray Cedex, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSA Rouen Avenue de l'Universit 76801 Saint-tienne-du-Rouvray Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62396329","https://openalex.org/I88814501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSA Rouen Avenue de l'Universit\u00e9 76801 Saint-\u00c9tienne-du-Rouvray Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62396329","https://openalex.org/I88814501"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.811,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83234367,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"104","last_page":"113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7837038040161133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7058281898498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.6466548442840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6419417858123779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.6264777183532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-relation","display_name":"Spatial relation","score":0.5635733604431152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-contextual-awareness","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","score":0.5390163660049438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5376706123352051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.5204501152038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.48525071144104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4794789254665375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4552839994430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4296703040599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-relationship","display_name":"Spatial relationship","score":0.42468786239624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.41559773683547974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.22183531522750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.10738736391067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07446277141571045}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7837038040161133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7058281898498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6466548442840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6419417858123779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.6264777183532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27511587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2178623","display_name":"Spatial relation","level":2,"score":0.5635733604431152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64754055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574053","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","level":2,"score":0.5390163660049438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5376706123352051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.5204501152038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.48525071144104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4794789254665375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4552839994430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4296703040599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986522900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2178623","display_name":"Spatial relationship","level":2,"score":0.42468786239624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.41559773683547974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.22183531522750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.10738736391067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07446277141571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w15-2816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w15-2816","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W15-2816.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Vision and Language","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/ad38b143-7cf6-493a-94e6-4e870df89e0e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/publications/ad38b143-7cf6-493a-94e6-4e870df89e0e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401758","display_name":"University of Brighton Repository (University of Brighton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71637028","host_organization_name":"University of Brighton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71637028"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Belz , A , Muscat , A , Aberton , M &amp; Benjelloun , S 2015 , Describing Spatial Relationships between Objects in Images in English and French . in Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on Vision and Language (VL\u201915) . UK , pp. 104-113 , Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on Vision and Language (VL\u201915) , 1/09/15 . &lt; http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W/W15/W15-2800.pdf &gt;","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/w15-2816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w15-2816","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W15-2816.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Vision and Language","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2250598887.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2250598887.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8316075","https://openalex.org/W1533917153","https://openalex.org/W1858383477","https://openalex.org/W1969616664","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2040145958","https://openalex.org/W2119775030","https://openalex.org/W2143449221","https://openalex.org/W2256253998"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4237171675","https://openalex.org/W3036286480","https://openalex.org/W4287027631","https://openalex.org/W3192357901","https://openalex.org/W2387360586","https://openalex.org/W2952736415","https://openalex.org/W3097751442","https://openalex.org/W2902304614","https://openalex.org/W1480228708","https://openalex.org/W3101291207"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"context":[1],"for":[2,28,45,52,55],"the":[3,9,23,34,73,88,94,113,125],"work":[4],"we":[5,42,96],"report":[6,50],"here":[7],"is":[8],"automatic":[10],"description":[11],"of":[12,17,25,37,60,107,122],"spatial":[13,30],"relationships":[14],"between":[15],"pairs":[16,39,57],"objects":[18],"in":[19,58,120],"images.":[20],"We":[21,32,111],"investigate":[22],"task":[24],"selecting":[26],"prepositions":[27,41,54,116],"such":[29],"relationships.":[31],"describe":[33],"two":[35,64],"datasets":[36],"object":[38,56,101,108],"and":[40,47,49,80,90,104],"have":[43],"created":[44],"English":[46,89],"French,":[48],"results":[51],"predicting":[53],"both":[59],"these":[61],"languages,":[62],"using":[63],"methods:":[65],"(a)":[66],"an":[67],"existing":[68],"approach":[69],"which":[70],"manually":[71],"fixes":[72],"mapping":[74],"from":[75],"geometrical":[76,105],"features":[77,98],"to":[78],"prepositions,":[79],"(b)":[81],"a":[82],"Naive":[83],"Bayes":[84],"classifier":[85],"trained":[86],"on":[87,100,117],"French":[91],"datasets.":[92],"For":[93],"latter":[95],"use":[97],"based":[99],"class":[102],"labels":[103],"measurements":[106],"bounding":[109],"boxes.":[110],"evaluate":[112],"automatically":[114],"generated":[115],"unseen":[118],"data":[119],"terms":[121],"accuracy":[123],"against":[124],"human-selected":[126],"prepositions.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
