{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2948877201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/s19-2136","title":"UBC-NLP at SemEval-2019 Task 6: Ensemble Learning of Offensive Content With Enhanced Training Data","display_name":"UBC-NLP at SemEval-2019 Task 6: Ensemble Learning of Offensive Content With Enhanced Training Data","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2948877201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/s19-2136","mag":"2948877201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/s19-2136","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/s19-2136","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/S19-2136.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/S19-2136.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035134532","display_name":"Arun Kumar Rajendran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6443-6063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arun Rajendran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Language Processing Lab University of British Columbia","University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Language Processing Lab University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058829071","display_name":"Chiyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8735-9857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Language Processing Lab University of British Columbia","University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Language Processing Lab University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004629670","display_name":"Muhammad Abdul-Mageed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-2040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Abdul-Mageed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Language Processing Lab University of British Columbia",", University of British Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Language Processing Lab University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"775","last_page":"781"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9381999969482422,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9197999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semeval","display_name":"SemEval","score":0.9349230527877808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offensive","display_name":"Offensive","score":0.8640964031219482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.7732661962509155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.7474402785301208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7008840441703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6122825145721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5321763157844543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.5051258206367493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4370635747909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.43020275235176086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host","display_name":"Host (biology)","score":0.4139171242713928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07972592115402222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.056271880865097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.05623021721839905}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44572571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7448970","display_name":"SemEval","level":3,"score":0.9349230527877808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176856949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001676","display_name":"Offensive","level":2,"score":0.8640964031219482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.7732661962509155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.7474402785301208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7008840441703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6122825145721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5321763157844543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.5051258206367493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4370635747909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.43020275235176086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4139171242713928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07972592115402222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.056271880865097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.05623021721839905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/s19-2136","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/s19-2136","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/S19-2136.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1906.03692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1906.03692","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.03692","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2948877201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.03692.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1906.03692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1906.03692","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/s19-2136","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/s19-2136","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/S19-2136.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2948877201.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2948877201.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35044214","https://openalex.org/W87312633","https://openalex.org/W1766594731","https://openalex.org/W2003303386","https://openalex.org/W2047449974","https://openalex.org/W2103212156","https://openalex.org/W2136256517","https://openalex.org/W2143455647","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2317515691","https://openalex.org/W2405753586","https://openalex.org/W2595653137","https://openalex.org/W2783792814","https://openalex.org/W2885205901","https://openalex.org/W2922580172","https://openalex.org/W2962977603","https://openalex.org/W3155649056"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2955376342","https://openalex.org/W2954814038","https://openalex.org/W2953591948","https://openalex.org/W2953415847","https://openalex.org/W3113414489","https://openalex.org/W2954638414","https://openalex.org/W3114507237","https://openalex.org/W2806801285","https://openalex.org/W2954671155","https://openalex.org/W3115275800","https://openalex.org/W3043859231","https://openalex.org/W3117327644","https://openalex.org/W2807375022","https://openalex.org/W3114722261","https://openalex.org/W3044241435","https://openalex.org/W3113651759","https://openalex.org/W2805382635","https://openalex.org/W2954241174","https://openalex.org/W3183337050","https://openalex.org/W3116550693"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"examine":[1],"learning":[2],"offensive":[3],"content":[4],"on":[5],"Twitter":[6],"with":[7,24],"limited,":[8],"imbalanced":[9],"data.":[10],"For":[11,49],"the":[12,16,32,53],"purpose,":[13],"we":[14],"investigate":[15],"utility":[17],"of":[18,27],"using":[19],"various":[20],"data":[21],"enhancement":[22],"methods":[23],"a":[25],"host":[26],"classical":[28],"ensemble":[29],"classifiers.":[30],"Among":[31],"75":[33],"participating":[34,55],"teams":[35],"in":[36],"SemEval-2019":[37],"sub-task":[38,50],"B,":[39],"our":[40,57],"system":[41,58],"ranks":[42,59],"6th":[43],"(with":[44,61],"0.706":[45],"macro":[46,63],"F":[47,64],"1score).":[48],"C,":[51],"among":[52],"65":[54],"teams,":[56],"9th":[60],"0.587":[62],"1":[65],"-score).":[66]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}