{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2954140377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/s19-1023","title":"Word Embeddings (Also) Encode Human Personality Stereotypes","display_name":"Word Embeddings (Also) Encode Human Personality Stereotypes","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2954140377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/s19-1023","mag":"2954140377"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/s19-1023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/s19-1023","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/S19-1023.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighth Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics (*SEM 2019)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/S19-1023.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032390046","display_name":"Oshin Agarwal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oshin Agarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009483373","display_name":"Funda Durup\u0131nar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4915-6642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168864056","display_name":"Bilkent University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vh8a032","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168864056"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Funda Durup\u0131nar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bilkent University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bilkent University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168864056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001979394","display_name":"Norman I. Badler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8659-3828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norman I. Badler","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032571629","display_name":"Ani Nenkova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5825-7875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ani Nenkova","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032390046"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4002,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86195857,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"205","last_page":"211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12970","display_name":"Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11040","display_name":"Personality Traits and Psychology","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debiasing","display_name":"Debiasing","score":0.6355814337730408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6266827583312988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-five-personality-traits","display_name":"Big Five personality traits","score":0.5982629060745239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encode","display_name":"ENCODE","score":0.5877993702888489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5525125861167908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality","display_name":"Personality","score":0.5482027530670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noun","display_name":"Noun","score":0.5270857214927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.49752309918403625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4463115930557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereotype","display_name":"Stereotype (UML)","score":0.4271325469017029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42399129271507263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.4181949496269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.37158191204071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3573068678379059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3377835154533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.2803640365600586}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779458634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24963715","display_name":"Debiasing","level":2,"score":0.6355814337730408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6266827583312988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2865642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378132","display_name":"Big Five personality traits","level":3,"score":0.5982629060745239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.5877993702888489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5525125861167908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.5482027530670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121934690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1084","display_name":"Noun","level":2,"score":0.5270857214927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.49752309918403625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4463115930557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168127410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754331","display_name":"Stereotype (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4271325469017029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42399129271507263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.4181949496269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.37158191204071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3573068678379059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3377835154533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2803640365600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/s19-1023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/s19-1023","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/S19-1023.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighth Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics (*SEM 2019)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/s19-1023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/s19-1023","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/S19-1023.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighth Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics (*SEM 2019)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2954140377.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2954140377.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W115912226","https://openalex.org/W1241017059","https://openalex.org/W1641003075","https://openalex.org/W1975184803","https://openalex.org/W2042962409","https://openalex.org/W2099115159","https://openalex.org/W2115648139","https://openalex.org/W2140534852","https://openalex.org/W2145099378","https://openalex.org/W2153803020","https://openalex.org/W2162090451","https://openalex.org/W2173563973","https://openalex.org/W2250301071","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2269669084","https://openalex.org/W2483215953","https://openalex.org/W2599743206","https://openalex.org/W2785959076","https://openalex.org/W2893425640","https://openalex.org/W2921633540","https://openalex.org/W2950018712","https://openalex.org/W2962787423","https://openalex.org/W2963457723","https://openalex.org/W2963526187","https://openalex.org/W3037697022","https://openalex.org/W4242551423"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362554880","https://openalex.org/W4281684980","https://openalex.org/W4386875279","https://openalex.org/W2171721708","https://openalex.org/W4390963114","https://openalex.org/W3214527415","https://openalex.org/W4287887864","https://openalex.org/W1495104519","https://openalex.org/W4385573539","https://openalex.org/W4307474756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Word":[0],"representations":[1,114],"trained":[2],"on":[3],"text":[4],"reproduce":[5],"human":[6,30,66,122],"implicit":[7],"bias":[8,110,127],"related":[9],"to":[10,19],"gender,":[11],"race":[12],"and":[13,54,146,151,164],"age.":[14],"Methods":[15],"have":[16],"been":[17],"developed":[18],"remove":[20],"such":[21,39,136],"bias.":[22,123],"Here,":[23],"we":[24,64],"present":[25],"results":[26],"that":[27,29,55],"show":[28],"stereotypes":[31,103],"exist":[32],"even":[33],"for":[34,42,128,135,153,159],"much":[35],"more":[36],"nuanced":[37,137],"judgments":[38,67],"as":[40],"personality,":[41],"a":[43,69,84,89,97,129],"variety":[44],"of":[45,88,93,100,132,144,156],"person":[46,133],"identities":[47],"beyond":[48],"the":[49,80,94,109,120,142,154],"typically":[50],"legally":[51],"protected":[52],"attributes":[53],"these":[56],"are":[57],"similarly":[58],"captured":[59,111],"in":[60,104,112,140],"word":[61],"representations.":[62],"Specifically,":[63],"collected":[65],"about":[68,79],"person's":[70],"Big":[71],"Five":[72],"personality":[73],"traits":[74,138],"formed":[75],"solely":[76],"from":[77],"information":[78],"occupation,":[81],"nationality":[82],"or":[83],"common":[85],"noun":[86],"description":[87],"hypothetical":[90],"person.":[91],"Analysis":[92],"data":[95],"reveals":[96],"large":[98,130],"number":[99],"statistically":[101,116],"significant":[102],"people.":[105],"We":[106],"then":[107],"demonstrate":[108],"lexical":[113],"is":[115],"significantly":[117],"correlated":[118],"with":[119],"documented":[121],"Our":[124],"results,":[125],"showing":[126],"set":[131],"descriptors":[134],"put":[139],"doubt":[141],"feasibility":[143],"broadly":[145],"fairly":[147],"applying":[148],"debiasing":[149],"methods":[150,158],"call":[152],"development":[155],"new":[157],"auditing":[160],"language":[161],"technology":[162],"systems":[163],"resources.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
