{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2942160782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/s19-1010","title":"Are We Consistently Biased? Multidimensional Analysis of Biases in Distributional Word Vectors","display_name":"Are We Consistently Biased? Multidimensional Analysis of Biases in Distributional Word Vectors","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2942160782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/s19-1010","mag":"2942160782"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/s19-1010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/s19-1010","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighth Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics (*SEM 2019)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/s19-1010","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022688200","display_name":"Anne Lauscher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8590-9827"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","display_name":"University of Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/031bsb921","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anne Lauscher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data and Web Science Research Group University of Mannheim Mannheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data and Web Science Research Group University of Mannheim Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079336821","display_name":"Goran Glava\u009a\u0161","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1301-6314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","display_name":"University of Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/031bsb921","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Goran Glava\u0161","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data and Web Science Research Group University of Mannheim Mannheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data and Web Science Research Group University of Mannheim Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022688200"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8072,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96782474,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"85","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6274849772453308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6251715421676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.6233788728713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.6006901264190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5717028379440308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-embedding","display_name":"Word embedding","score":0.5688661336898804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5482537746429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5160274505615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-bias","display_name":"Gender bias","score":0.4317302107810974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.25806736946105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.21078485250473022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.09969034790992737}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6274849772453308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6251715421676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6233788728713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6006901264190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5717028379440308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.5688661336898804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5482537746429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5160274505615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983427547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93200","display_name":"Gender bias","level":2,"score":0.4317302107810974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.25806736946105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.21078485250473022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.09969034790992737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/s19-1010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/s19-1010","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighth Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics (*SEM 2019)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ub-madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de:49699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de/49699/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401433","display_name":"MADOC (University of Mannheim)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","host_organization_name":"University of Mannheim","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Konferenzver\u00f6ffentlichung"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/s19-1010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/s19-1010","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighth Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics (*SEM 2019)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066255970","https://openalex.org/W2126725946","https://openalex.org/W2142074148","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2483215953","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2561995736","https://openalex.org/W2594021297","https://openalex.org/W2758506174","https://openalex.org/W2769358515","https://openalex.org/W2882319491","https://openalex.org/W2887838996","https://openalex.org/W2893425640","https://openalex.org/W2950018712","https://openalex.org/W2952190837","https://openalex.org/W2963118869","https://openalex.org/W2963165489","https://openalex.org/W2963472233","https://openalex.org/W2964266061","https://openalex.org/W3025247883","https://openalex.org/W3104723404","https://openalex.org/W4287777497","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W4299579390"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4288407670","https://openalex.org/W2950396480","https://openalex.org/W947140380","https://openalex.org/W2911655849","https://openalex.org/W4286432911","https://openalex.org/W4230884544","https://openalex.org/W4245453790","https://openalex.org/W3194985222","https://openalex.org/W3216571906","https://openalex.org/W4214830338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Word":[0],"embeddings":[1],"have":[2],"recently":[3],"been":[4],"shown":[5],"to":[6],"reflect":[7],"many":[8],"of":[9,33,42,55,89,92,99,144],"the":[10,31,67,80,90,142],"pronounced":[11],"societal":[12],"biases":[13,34,56,82,110],"(e.g.,":[14],"gender":[15],"bias":[16,68,93,136,145],"or":[17,114,120],"racial":[18],"bias).":[19],"Existing":[20],"studies":[21],"are,":[22],"however,":[23],"limited":[24],"in":[25,58,84,96,138],"scope":[26],"and":[27,44,74,140],"do":[28],"not":[29],"investigate":[30],"consistency":[32],"across":[35,71],"relevant":[36],"dimensions":[37],"like":[38],"embedding":[39,75,86,118],"models,":[40],"types":[41],"texts,":[43],"different":[45,117],"languages.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48],"work,":[49],"we":[50,63,78],"present":[51],"a":[52],"systematic":[53],"study":[54,103],"encoded":[57,83],"distributional":[59],"word":[60],"vector":[61],"spaces:":[62],"analyze":[64,79],"how":[65],"consistent":[66],"effects":[69,91],"are":[70],"languages,":[72],"corpora,":[73],"models.":[76,101],"Furthermore,":[77],"cross-lingual":[81,97],"bilingual":[85],"spaces,":[87],"indicative":[88],"transfer":[94,98],"encompassed":[95],"NLP":[100,139],"Our":[102],"yields":[104],"some":[105],"unexpected":[106],"findings,":[107],"e.g.,":[108],"that":[109,121],"can":[111],"be":[112,125],"emphasized":[113],"downplayed":[115],"by":[116],"models":[119],"user-generated":[122],"content":[123],"may":[124],"less":[126],"biased":[127],"than":[128],"encyclopedic":[129],"text.":[130],"We":[131],"hope":[132],"our":[133],"work":[134],"catalyzes":[135],"research":[137],"informs":[141],"development":[143],"reduction":[146],"techniques.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T06:10:49.150238","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
