{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2949359738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1492","title":"Analyzing the Limitations of Cross-lingual Word Embedding Mappings","display_name":"Analyzing the Limitations of Cross-lingual Word Embedding Mappings","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2949359738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1492","mag":"2949359738"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1492","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1492.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1492.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083161796","display_name":"Aitor Ormazabal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aitor Ormazabal","raw_affiliation_strings":["IXA NLP Group University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IXA NLP Group University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023341622","display_name":"Mikel Artetxe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikel Artetxe","raw_affiliation_strings":["IXA NLP Group University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IXA NLP Group University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037338094","display_name":"Gorka Labaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4611-2502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gorka Labaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["IXA NLP Group University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IXA NLP Group University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053230169","display_name":"Aitor Soroa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8573-2654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aitor Soroa","raw_affiliation_strings":["IXA NLP Group University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IXA NLP Group University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047151336","display_name":"Eneko Agirre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0195-4899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eneko Agirre","raw_affiliation_strings":["IXA NLP Group University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IXA NLP Group University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083161796"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5035,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97250806,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4990","last_page":"4995"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7404432892799377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6965381503105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6762742400169373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6343460083007812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-embedding","display_name":"Word embedding","score":0.5826079249382019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-space","display_name":"Vector space","score":0.5793255567550659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5658606290817261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicon","display_name":"Lexicon","score":0.5355232954025269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4931771159172058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","score":0.48349621891975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isomorphism","display_name":"Isomorphism (crystallography)","score":0.4725860357284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.33577871322631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23730692267417908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.08399933576583862}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7404432892799377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6965381503105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6762742400169373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6343460083007812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.5826079249382019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13336665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125977","display_name":"Vector space","level":2,"score":0.5793255567550659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5658606290817261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.5355232954025269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4931771159172058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.48349621891975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203436722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902950","display_name":"Isomorphism (crystallography)","level":3,"score":0.4725860357284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33577871322631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23730692267417908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.08399933576583862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115624301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q895901","display_name":"Crystal structure","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1492","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1492.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1906.05407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1906.05407","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.05407","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1492","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1492.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","display_name":"Nvidia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309764","display_name":"Fundaci\u00f3n BBVA","ror":"https://ror.org/01jzs3b90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321764","display_name":"Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n, Cultura y Deporte","ror":"https://ror.org/03nc27g21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321919","display_name":"Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323113","display_name":"Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria","ror":"https://ror.org/0537dnd74"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2949359738.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2949359738.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542713999","https://openalex.org/W1828724394","https://openalex.org/W2126725946","https://openalex.org/W2148708890","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2157133710","https://openalex.org/W2169153112","https://openalex.org/W2229725139","https://openalex.org/W2251765408","https://openalex.org/W2740132093","https://openalex.org/W2741602058","https://openalex.org/W2788353357","https://openalex.org/W2798938673","https://openalex.org/W2887838996","https://openalex.org/W2903035303","https://openalex.org/W2939480828","https://openalex.org/W2952037945","https://openalex.org/W2963002901","https://openalex.org/W2963047628","https://openalex.org/W2963061446","https://openalex.org/W2963118869","https://openalex.org/W2964266061","https://openalex.org/W3010805239","https://openalex.org/W3104723404","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W4299579390"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140536630","https://openalex.org/W3195005284","https://openalex.org/W4286432911","https://openalex.org/W3134737443","https://openalex.org/W2901841427","https://openalex.org/W2051410640","https://openalex.org/W2798669739","https://openalex.org/W2953242939","https://openalex.org/W2612746495","https://openalex.org/W4292355215"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"research":[1,145],"in":[2,18,45,127],"cross-lingual":[3,149,154],"word":[4,16,43],"embeddings":[5,17,44,150],"has":[6],"almost":[7],"exclusively":[8],"focused":[9],"on":[10],"offline":[11,91],"methods,":[12],"which":[13,40,86],"independently":[14],"train":[15],"different":[19,46],"languages":[20,47],"and":[21,123],"map":[22],"them":[23],"to":[24,77,89,93,114,121,146],"a":[25,67,152],"shared":[26],"space":[27],"through":[28],"linear":[29],"transformations.":[30],"While":[31],"several":[32],"authors":[33],"have":[34,48,139],"questioned":[35],"the":[36,50],"underlying":[37],"isomorphism":[38],"assumption,":[39],"states":[41],"that":[42,98,134],"approximately":[49],"same":[51],"structure,":[52],"it":[53],"is":[54,59,118],"not":[55],"clear":[56],"whether":[57],"this":[58,79],"an":[60,94],"inherent":[61],"limitation":[62],"of":[63,96],"mapping":[64,92,136],"approaches":[65],"or":[66],"more":[68,115],"general":[69],"issue":[70],"when":[71],"learning":[72,112],"crosslingual":[73],"embeddings.":[74],"So":[75],"as":[76],"answer":[78],"question,":[80],"we":[81],"experiment":[82],"with":[83,151],"parallel":[84],"corpora,":[85],"allows":[87],"us":[88],"compare":[90],"extension":[95],"skip-gram":[97],"jointly":[99,147],"learns":[100],"both":[101],"embedding":[102],"spaces.":[103],"We":[104,131],"observe":[105],"that,":[106],"under":[107],"these":[108],"ideal":[109],"conditions,":[110],"joint":[111],"yields":[113],"isomorphic":[116],"embeddings,":[117],"less":[119],"sensitive":[120],"hubness,":[122],"obtains":[124],"stronger":[125],"results":[126],"bilingual":[128],"lexicon":[129],"induction.":[130],"thus":[132],"conclude":[133],"current":[135],"methods":[137],"do":[138],"strong":[140],"limitations,":[141],"calling":[142],"for":[143],"further":[144],"learn":[148],"weaker":[153],"signal.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
