{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2945290257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1478","title":"A Surprisingly Robust Trick for the Winograd Schema Challenge","display_name":"A Surprisingly Robust Trick for the Winograd Schema Challenge","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2945290257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1478","mag":"2945290257"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1478","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1478.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1478.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014343147","display_name":"Vid Kocijan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2621-6390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vid Kocijan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102884393","display_name":"Ana-Maria Cre\u0163u","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9009-7381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ana-Maria Cretu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001965971","display_name":"Oana-Maria Camburu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128584","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oana-Maria Camburu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alan Turing Institute, London","University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alan Turing Institute, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060809089","display_name":"Yordan S. Yordanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-0090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yordan Yordanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091549352","display_name":"Thomas Lukasiewicz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128584","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Lukasiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alan Turing Institute, London","University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alan Turing Institute, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102884393"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.1232,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98834677,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4837","last_page":"4842"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7876662015914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.7335841655731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","score":0.7103149890899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.6516263484954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6230003833770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pronoun","display_name":"Pronoun","score":0.5182697176933289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5056123733520508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commonsense-reasoning","display_name":"Commonsense reasoning","score":0.49979162216186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-understanding","display_name":"Language understanding","score":0.42317843437194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3630618453025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.08844149112701416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7876662015914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.7335841655731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.7103149890899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.6516263484954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6230003833770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778551981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36224","display_name":"Pronoun","level":2,"score":0.5182697176933289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5056123733520508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193221554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153664","display_name":"Commonsense reasoning","level":2,"score":0.49979162216186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983448237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Language understanding","level":2,"score":0.42317843437194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3630618453025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.08844149112701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1478","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1478.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1905.06290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1905.06290","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.06290","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10184045","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10184045/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"     In:  Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics.    Association for Computational Linguistics: Florence, Italy. (2019)     ","raw_type":"Proceedings paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:77187a06-30da-4ca4-9c52-471e7af7ac55","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:77187a06-30da-4ca4-9c52-471e7af7ac55","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/77406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/77406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1478","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1478.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1633672591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N510129","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3855435662","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N510129","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313467","funder_display_name":"Alan Turing Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4072067573","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N510129/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313467","funder_display_name":"Alan Turing Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G444630160","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N510129/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4500485203","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","funder_award_id":"EP/N510129/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5267675942","display_name":"RealPDBs: Realistic Data Models and Query Compilation for Large-Scale Probabilistic Databases","funder_award_id":"EP/R013667/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6120213013","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R013667/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G777199097","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EPSRC grant EP/N510129/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8666754563","display_name":"JADE: Joint Academic Data science Endeavour","funder_award_id":"EP/P020275/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313467","display_name":"Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2945290257.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2945290257.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1599016936","https://openalex.org/W1752492850","https://openalex.org/W2123442489","https://openalex.org/W2406611863","https://openalex.org/W2525778437","https://openalex.org/W2626778328","https://openalex.org/W2740721704","https://openalex.org/W2763218760","https://openalex.org/W2784121710","https://openalex.org/W2794365787","https://openalex.org/W2805206884","https://openalex.org/W2890693705","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2898785098","https://openalex.org/W2914526845","https://openalex.org/W2923014074","https://openalex.org/W2946419275","https://openalex.org/W2952268267","https://openalex.org/W2963310665","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963854351","https://openalex.org/W2970946372","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4385245566"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3213963881","https://openalex.org/W2952570576","https://openalex.org/W2962833140","https://openalex.org/W3211511509","https://openalex.org/W2948036864","https://openalex.org/W4313484852","https://openalex.org/W4288345732","https://openalex.org/W4288335707","https://openalex.org/W4298323777","https://openalex.org/W4389518870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Winograd":[1],"Schema":[2],"Challenge":[3],"(WSC)":[4],"dataset":[5,48],"WSC273":[6,35,83],"and":[7,19,37,69,80,84,93],"its":[8],"inference":[9],"counterpart":[10],"WNLI":[11],"are":[12,100],"popular":[13],"benchmarks":[14],"for":[15],"natural":[16],"language":[17,32,63],"understanding":[18],"commonsense":[20],"reasoning.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23],"paper,":[24],"we":[25,74],"show":[26],"that":[27],"the":[28,61,67,71,87,106],"performance":[29],"of":[30,78,109],"three":[31],"models":[33,99],"on":[34,42,66,70,82,105],"consistently":[36,102],"robustly":[38],"improves":[39],"when":[40],"finetuned":[41],"a":[43,54],"similar":[44],"pronoun":[45],"disambiguation":[46],"problem":[47],"(denoted":[49],"WSCR).":[50],"We":[51],"additionally":[52],"generate":[53],"large":[55],"unsupervised":[56],"WSClike":[57],"dataset.":[58],"By":[59],"fine-tuning":[60],"BERT":[62],"model":[64],"both":[65],"introduced":[68,111],"WSCR":[72],"dataset,":[73],"achieve":[75],"overall":[76],"accuracies":[77],"72.5%":[79],"74.7%":[81],"WNLI,":[85],"improving":[86],"previous":[88],"state-of-theart":[89],"solutions":[90],"by":[91,112],"8.8%":[92],"9.6%,":[94],"respectively.":[95],"Furthermore,":[96],"our":[97],"fine-tuned":[98],"also":[101],"more":[103],"accurate":[104],"\"complex\"":[107],"subsets":[108],"WSC273,":[110],"Trichelair":[113],"et":[114],"al.":[115],"(2018).":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
