{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2949694638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1417","title":"Improving Question Answering over Incomplete KBs with Knowledge-Aware Reader","display_name":"Improving Question Answering over Incomplete KBs with Knowledge-Aware Reader","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2949694638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1417","mag":"2949694638"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1417","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1417.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1417.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110635444","display_name":"Wenhan Xiong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenhan Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101583277","display_name":"Mo Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0949-6113"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mo Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112248869","display_name":"Shiyu Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyu Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051951021","display_name":"Xiaoxiao Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxiao Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100702488","display_name":"William Yang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-1257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Yang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110635444"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.1171,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":122,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98660258,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4258","last_page":"4264"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8232766389846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.6477782130241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.638568103313446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.6209300756454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-graph","display_name":"Knowledge graph","score":0.6184588670730591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5540536642074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5037772059440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entity-linking","display_name":"Entity linking","score":0.4919604957103729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4711536169052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","score":0.46135804057121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.45156410336494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4245634377002716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4109795093536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.13627889752388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8232766389846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.6477782130241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.638568103313446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.6209300756454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987255567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33002955","display_name":"Knowledge graph","level":2,"score":0.6184588670730591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5540536642074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5037772059440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96711827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17012245","display_name":"Entity linking","level":3,"score":0.4919604957103729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4711536169052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.46135804057121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.45156410336494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4245634377002716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4109795093536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.13627889752388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1417","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1417.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1417","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1417.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2949694638.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2949694638.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2170344111","https://openalex.org/W2251143283","https://openalex.org/W2251960799","https://openalex.org/W2511149293","https://openalex.org/W2551396370","https://openalex.org/W2741075451","https://openalex.org/W2766371743","https://openalex.org/W2788448041","https://openalex.org/W2796167946","https://openalex.org/W2890961898","https://openalex.org/W2953388933","https://openalex.org/W2962985038","https://openalex.org/W2963010846","https://openalex.org/W2963374482","https://openalex.org/W2963448850","https://openalex.org/W2963564796","https://openalex.org/W2963655104","https://openalex.org/W2963705779","https://openalex.org/W2963829073","https://openalex.org/W2963858333","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2998631105","https://openalex.org/W4233775226","https://openalex.org/W4295253143","https://openalex.org/W4297733535"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134247745","https://openalex.org/W4226243593","https://openalex.org/W3172691639","https://openalex.org/W2963582704","https://openalex.org/W1541691357","https://openalex.org/W2090135255","https://openalex.org/W4403761773","https://openalex.org/W2167202928","https://openalex.org/W2168409722","https://openalex.org/W4401140950"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"a":[2,21,57],"new":[3],"end-to-end":[4],"question":[5,64],"answering":[6],"model,":[7],"which":[8],"learns":[9],"to":[10,36,89],"aggregate":[11],"answer":[12],"evidence":[13,81],"from":[14,56,82],"an":[15],"incomplete":[16],"knowledge":[17,41,53,77],"base":[18],"(KB)":[19],"and":[20,38,69,84],"set":[22],"of":[23,46,54,108],"retrieved":[24],"text":[25],"snippets.":[26],"Under":[27],"the":[28,31,39,44,63,66,71,74,93],"assumptions":[29],"that":[30],"structured":[32],"KB":[33,59,83,109],"is":[34],"easier":[35],"query":[37],"acquired":[40],"can":[42],"help":[43],"understanding":[45],"unstructured":[47],"text,":[48],"our":[49,98],"model":[50,99],"first":[51],"accumulates":[52],"entities":[55],"question-related":[58],"subgraph;":[60],"then":[61],"reformulates":[62],"in":[65],"latent":[67],"space":[68],"reads":[70],"texts":[72,85],"with":[73,105],"accumulated":[75],"entity":[76],"at":[78],"hand.":[79],"The":[80],"are":[86],"finally":[87],"aggregated":[88],"predict":[90],"answers.":[91],"On":[92],"widely-used":[94],"KBQA":[95],"benchmark":[96],"WebQSP,":[97],"achieves":[100],"consistent":[101],"improvements":[102],"across":[103],"settings":[104],"different":[106],"extents":[107],"incompleteness.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
