{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2947771965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1264","title":"Sentence Mover\u2019s Similarity: Automatic Evaluation for Multi-Sentence Texts","display_name":"Sentence Mover\u2019s Similarity: Automatic Evaluation for Multi-Sentence Texts","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2947771965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1264","mag":"2947771965"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1264","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1264.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1264.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091060035","display_name":"Elizabeth Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6179-046X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030468199","display_name":"Asl\u0131 \u00c7eliky\u0131lmaz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asli Celikyilmaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088517824","display_name":"Noah A. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2310-6380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156221","display_name":"Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/05w520734","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156221"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noah A. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156221"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091060035"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.5952,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":143,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99117974,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2748","last_page":"2760"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8028855323791504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.7878384590148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7628896236419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.7520933151245117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7206618785858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6480986475944519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rouge","display_name":"ROUGE","score":0.5060791373252869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-similarity","display_name":"Semantic similarity","score":0.44817131757736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.43840643763542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.41399580240249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.10092204809188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08021935820579529}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8028855323791504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.7878384590148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7628896236419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.7520933151245117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7206618785858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6480986475944519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7888048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7277427","display_name":"ROUGE","level":2,"score":0.5060791373252869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130318100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914","display_name":"Semantic similarity","level":2,"score":0.44817131757736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.43840643763542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.41399580240249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.10092204809188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08021935820579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1264","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1264.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1264","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1264.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5385673730","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-15-1-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5524522455","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DARPA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7452299184","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8998121839","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"911NF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308943","display_name":"Microsoft Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947771965.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947771965.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W658020064","https://openalex.org/W941230081","https://openalex.org/W1503071992","https://openalex.org/W1544827683","https://openalex.org/W1763968285","https://openalex.org/W1956340063","https://openalex.org/W1981246990","https://openalex.org/W1982897610","https://openalex.org/W2078861931","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2123301721","https://openalex.org/W2125101937","https://openalex.org/W2126244398","https://openalex.org/W2128856065","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2140676672","https://openalex.org/W2154652894","https://openalex.org/W2176263492","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2307381258","https://openalex.org/W2525778437","https://openalex.org/W2556873163","https://openalex.org/W2564590796","https://openalex.org/W2574535369","https://openalex.org/W2606974598","https://openalex.org/W2611669587","https://openalex.org/W2612675303","https://openalex.org/W2617547828","https://openalex.org/W2759243117","https://openalex.org/W2760424551","https://openalex.org/W2770977150","https://openalex.org/W2775749895","https://openalex.org/W2783299959","https://openalex.org/W2786148476","https://openalex.org/W2790235966","https://openalex.org/W2790725087","https://openalex.org/W2793303358","https://openalex.org/W2807550616","https://openalex.org/W2890496112","https://openalex.org/W2896780650","https://openalex.org/W2902800696","https://openalex.org/W2914397182","https://openalex.org/W2936695845","https://openalex.org/W2949615363","https://openalex.org/W2950446064","https://openalex.org/W2952138241","https://openalex.org/W2962739339","https://openalex.org/W2962772361","https://openalex.org/W2962937869","https://openalex.org/W2962938168","https://openalex.org/W2963035752","https://openalex.org/W2963056341","https://openalex.org/W2963084599","https://openalex.org/W2963248296","https://openalex.org/W2963385935","https://openalex.org/W2963466651","https://openalex.org/W2963672599","https://openalex.org/W2963691697","https://openalex.org/W2963768805","https://openalex.org/W2963903950","https://openalex.org/W2963929190","https://openalex.org/W2964165804","https://openalex.org/W2964190861","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W2996403597","https://openalex.org/W4210984920","https://openalex.org/W4230563027","https://openalex.org/W4288629163","https://openalex.org/W4294367149"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4220980281","https://openalex.org/W4246468761","https://openalex.org/W2117010802","https://openalex.org/W2998414728","https://openalex.org/W2793429163","https://openalex.org/W2916546861","https://openalex.org/W3013416132","https://openalex.org/W3087892716","https://openalex.org/W2923856620","https://openalex.org/W3029858120"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"evaluating":[1],"machine-generated":[2,79],"texts,":[3],"automatic":[4,24,51,117],"methods":[5,44],"hold":[6],"the":[7],"promise":[8],"of":[9,12,83,91,121],"avoiding":[10],"collection":[11],"human":[13,71,119],"judgments,":[14],"which":[15],"can":[16,100],"be":[17,101],"expensive":[18],"and":[19,28,61,86,118],"time-consuming.":[20],"The":[21],"most":[22],"common":[23],"metrics,":[25],"like":[26],"BLEU":[27],"ROUGE,":[29,76],"depend":[30],"on":[31,46,78],"exact":[32],"word":[33,60],"matching,":[34],"an":[35],"inflexible":[36],"approach":[37,130],"for":[38],"measuring":[39],"semantic":[40],"similarity.":[41],"We":[42,64,93],"introduce":[43],"based":[45],"sentence":[47,62,97],"mover's":[48,98],"similarity;":[49],"our":[50,129],"metrics":[52,68],"evaluate":[53],"text":[54],"in":[55,124],"a":[56,104,108],"continuous":[57],"space":[58],"using":[59],"embeddings.":[63],"find":[65],"that":[66,96,128],"sentence-based":[67],"correlate":[69],"with":[70],"judgments":[72],"significantly":[73],"better":[74],"than":[75],"both":[77,116],"summaries":[80,122],"(average":[81,89],"length":[82,90],"3.4":[84],"sentences)":[85],"human-authored":[87],"essays":[88],"7.5).":[92],"also":[94],"show":[95],"similarity":[99],"used":[102],"as":[103],"reward":[105],"when":[106],"learning":[107],"generation":[109],"model":[110],"via":[111],"reinforcement":[112],"learning;":[113],"we":[114],"present":[115],"evaluations":[120],"learned":[123],"this":[125],"way,":[126],"finding":[127],"outperforms":[131],"ROUGE.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
