{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2952484617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1222","title":"Multi-Hop Paragraph Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answering","display_name":"Multi-Hop Paragraph Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answering","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2952484617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1222","mag":"2952484617"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1222","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1222.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1222.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034099011","display_name":"Yair Feldman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yair Feldman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science Technion -Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science Technion -Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025669300","display_name":"Ran El\u2010Yaniv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ran El-Yaniv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science Technion -Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science Technion -Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034099011"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.98515346,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":94,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98245754,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2296","last_page":"2309"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paragraph","display_name":"Paragraph","score":0.9132529497146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8725141286849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-domain","display_name":"Open domain","score":0.8109887838363647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.805777907371521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.6166768670082092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.6139063239097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5425934791564941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5204915404319763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hop","display_name":"Hop (telecommunications)","score":0.5112388134002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.47253182530403137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4500211179256439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2189597487449646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777206241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194431","display_name":"Paragraph","level":2,"score":0.9132529497146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8725141286849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993776861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Open domain","level":3,"score":0.8109887838363647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.805777907371521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6166768670082092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.6139063239097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5425934791564941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5204915404319763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25906391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432381","display_name":"Hop (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5112388134002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.47253182530403137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4500211179256439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2189597487449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1222","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1222.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1222","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1222.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","display_name":"Israel Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04sazxf24"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2952484617.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2952484617.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6908809","https://openalex.org/W1793121960","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2123442489","https://openalex.org/W2127426251","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2212703438","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2400680200","https://openalex.org/W2593864460","https://openalex.org/W2769395616","https://openalex.org/W2788448041","https://openalex.org/W2799081691","https://openalex.org/W2889729765","https://openalex.org/W2889787757","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2907822478","https://openalex.org/W2912817604","https://openalex.org/W2949428332","https://openalex.org/W2951008357","https://openalex.org/W2962718483","https://openalex.org/W2962739339","https://openalex.org/W2962985038","https://openalex.org/W2963024727","https://openalex.org/W2963159735","https://openalex.org/W2963195889","https://openalex.org/W2963266340","https://openalex.org/W2963301888","https://openalex.org/W2963323070","https://openalex.org/W2963339397","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963448850","https://openalex.org/W2963748441","https://openalex.org/W2963866616","https://openalex.org/W2963918774","https://openalex.org/W2963967365","https://openalex.org/W2964120615","https://openalex.org/W2964151654","https://openalex.org/W3103111734","https://openalex.org/W3121694563","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4294611325","https://openalex.org/W4299585995"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4377866475","https://openalex.org/W3203674148","https://openalex.org/W3160526049","https://openalex.org/W2081764088","https://openalex.org/W2051167396","https://openalex.org/W2889729765","https://openalex.org/W4232075716","https://openalex.org/W2952484617","https://openalex.org/W2952565226","https://openalex.org/W2368388617"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,13],"paper":[1],"is":[2,15,76],"concerned":[3],"with":[4],"the":[5,21,47,84,87],"task":[6,14],"of":[7,24,67,83],"multi-hop":[8,108],"open-domain":[9,109],"Question":[10],"Answering":[11],"(QA).":[12],"particularly":[16],"challenging":[17],"since":[18],"it":[19],"requires":[20],"simultaneous":[22],"performance":[23,94],"textual":[25],"reasoning":[26],"and":[27,71,100,107],"efficient":[28],"searching.":[29],"We":[30],"present":[31],"a":[32,41,52,63,69,72],"method":[33,56,91],"for":[34],"retrieving":[35],"multiple":[36],"supporting":[37,59],"paragraphs,":[38],"nested":[39],"amidst":[40],"large":[42],"knowledge":[43,88],"base,":[44],"which":[45,102],"contain":[46],"necessary":[48],"evidence":[49],"to":[50],"answer":[51],"given":[53],"question.":[54],"Our":[55,90],"iteratively":[57],"retrieves":[58],"paragraphs":[60,85],"by":[61,78],"forming":[62],"joint":[64],"vector":[65],"representation":[66],"both":[68],"question":[70],"paragraph.":[73],"The":[74],"retrieval":[75],"performed":[77],"considering":[79],"contextualized":[80],"sentence-level":[81],"representations":[82],"in":[86],"source.":[89],"achieves":[92],"state-of-the-art":[93],"over":[95],"two":[96],"well-known":[97],"datasets,":[98],"SQuAD-Open":[99],"HotpotQA,":[101],"serve":[103],"as":[104],"our":[105],"single-":[106],"QA":[110],"benchmarks,":[111],"respectively.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
