{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2949400804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1150","title":"Towards Scalable and Reliable Capsule Networks for Challenging NLP Applications","display_name":"Towards Scalable and Reliable Capsule Networks for Challenging NLP Applications","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2949400804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1150","mag":"2949400804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1150","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1150.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1150.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002311337","display_name":"Wei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-2559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, Germany","Computer Science Department, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000940158","display_name":"Haiyun Peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyun Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","\u03a6 Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u03a6 Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053947568","display_name":"Steffen Eger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4663-8336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steffen Eger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, Germany","Computer Science Department, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100752356","display_name":"Erik Cambria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3030-1280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Cambria","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","\u03a6 Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u03a6 Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054067088","display_name":"Min Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-2728"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002311337"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.2051875,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":137,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99223555,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1549","last_page":"1559"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.8376096487045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8141037225723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.6402179002761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5226516723632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5139285922050476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.44713541865348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-routing","display_name":"Adaptive routing","score":0.42216330766677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3782307803630829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3620191216468811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3430521786212921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-routing","display_name":"Static routing","score":0.2777556777000427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.26568734645843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.20774424076080322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.0694756805896759}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.8376096487045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8141037225723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.6402179002761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5226516723632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5139285922050476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.44713541865348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24856439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352483","display_name":"Adaptive routing","level":5,"score":0.42216330766677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3782307803630829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3620191216468811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3430521786212921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.2777556777000427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.26568734645843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.20774424076080322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0694756805896759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1150","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1150.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1150","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1150.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2949400804.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2949400804.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2966661","https://openalex.org/W580074167","https://openalex.org/W1546425806","https://openalex.org/W1591825359","https://openalex.org/W1781770377","https://openalex.org/W1832693441","https://openalex.org/W1834987204","https://openalex.org/W1841724727","https://openalex.org/W1940008012","https://openalex.org/W1966443646","https://openalex.org/W2066340877","https://openalex.org/W2067191022","https://openalex.org/W2068074736","https://openalex.org/W2114393161","https://openalex.org/W2115119296","https://openalex.org/W2120735855","https://openalex.org/W2133881498","https://openalex.org/W2136484596","https://openalex.org/W2145908112","https://openalex.org/W2148721079","https://openalex.org/W2150102617","https://openalex.org/W2150385485","https://openalex.org/W2154109204","https://openalex.org/W2183087644","https://openalex.org/W2194321275","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2251079237","https://openalex.org/W2251202616","https://openalex.org/W2264105282","https://openalex.org/W2265289447","https://openalex.org/W2291880741","https://openalex.org/W2404212720","https://openalex.org/W2461743311","https://openalex.org/W2517782820","https://openalex.org/W2739716023","https://openalex.org/W2739996966","https://openalex.org/W2740016848","https://openalex.org/W2785994986","https://openalex.org/W2788835992","https://openalex.org/W2794365787","https://openalex.org/W2798835007","https://openalex.org/W2851948290","https://openalex.org/W2890771286","https://openalex.org/W2900338099","https://openalex.org/W2923325523","https://openalex.org/W2953000611","https://openalex.org/W2959983308","https://openalex.org/W2962782614","https://openalex.org/W2962853356","https://openalex.org/W2962962032","https://openalex.org/W2963053846","https://openalex.org/W2963569619","https://openalex.org/W2963626623","https://openalex.org/W2963703618","https://openalex.org/W2963861211","https://openalex.org/W2963921497","https://openalex.org/W2964071174","https://openalex.org/W3101747393","https://openalex.org/W3105409430","https://openalex.org/W3194416009"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389214306","https://openalex.org/W4235240664","https://openalex.org/W2965083567","https://openalex.org/W1838576100","https://openalex.org/W2095886385","https://openalex.org/W2089704382","https://openalex.org/W2890931223","https://openalex.org/W2738408817","https://openalex.org/W2068680190","https://openalex.org/W2037821117"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Obstacles":[0],"hindering":[1],"the":[2,34,47,59,97],"development":[3],"of":[4,36,49,61],"capsule":[5,52,62],"networks":[6],"for":[7],"challenging":[8],"NLP":[9,70],"applications":[10],"include":[11],"poor":[12],"scalability":[13,60],"to":[14,32,45,57],"large":[15],"output":[16],"spaces":[17],"and":[18,54,76],"less":[19],"reliable":[20],"routing":[21,37,56],"processes.":[22],"In":[23,93],"this":[24],"paper,":[25],"we":[26,95],"introduce:":[27],"(i)":[28],"an":[29,42],"agreement":[30],"score":[31],"evaluate":[33],"performance":[35],"processes":[38],"at":[39],"instance-level;":[40],"(ii)":[41],"adaptive":[43],"optimizer":[44],"enhance":[46],"reliability":[48],"routing;":[50],"(iii)":[51],"compression":[53],"partial":[55],"improve":[58],"networks.":[63],"We":[64],"validate":[65],"our":[66,83],"approach":[67,84],"on":[68,90],"two":[69],"tasks,":[71],"namely:":[72],"multi-label":[73],"text":[74],"classification":[75],"question":[77],"answering.":[78],"Experimental":[79],"results":[80,99],"show":[81],"that":[82],"considerably":[85],"improves":[86],"over":[87],"strong":[88],"competitors":[89],"both":[91],"tasks.":[92],"addition,":[94],"gain":[96],"best":[98],"in":[100],"low-resource":[101],"settings":[102],"with":[103],"few":[104],"training":[105],"instances.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-02-05T00:54:17.221276","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
