{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2953190730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1117","title":"A Compact and Language-Sensitive Multilingual Translation Method","display_name":"A Compact and Language-Sensitive Multilingual Translation Method","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2953190730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1117","mag":"2953190730"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1117","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1117.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1117.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101796015","display_name":"Yining Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2353-3400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yining Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CASIA, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CASIA, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106557565","display_name":"Long Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1919-4943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CASIA, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CASIA, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100319572","display_name":"Jiajun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5293-7434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CASIA, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CASIA, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102830655","display_name":"Feifei Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9121-691X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134178","display_name":"Sohu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02sfdh709","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134178"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feifei Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sogou Inc., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sogou Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102861619","display_name":"Jingfang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3699-7116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134178","display_name":"Sohu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02sfdh709","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134178"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingfang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sogou Inc., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sogou Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134178"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015785439","display_name":"Chengqing Zong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-3818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097554","display_name":"Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00vpwhm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210097554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengqing Zong","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CASIA, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CASIA, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101796015"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9135,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96107399,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1213","last_page":"1223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8824068903923035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.8176504373550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.6096078753471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.584658682346344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5609383583068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.5594654083251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5563821792602539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5274091958999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.46498721837997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.33099156618118286}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8824068903923035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.8176504373550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.6096078753471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.584658682346344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5609383583068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.5594654083251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5563821792602539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5274091958999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.46498721837997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.33099156618118286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1117","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1117.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1117","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1117.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6753692345","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61673380","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7517328767","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1836221","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8208342437","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1 and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8381445544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. U1836221","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2953190730.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2953190730.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1753482797","https://openalex.org/W1902237438","https://openalex.org/W1910131649","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2121879602","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2251743902","https://openalex.org/W2525778437","https://openalex.org/W2550821151","https://openalex.org/W2555745756","https://openalex.org/W2561274697","https://openalex.org/W2610245951","https://openalex.org/W2613904329","https://openalex.org/W2739978843","https://openalex.org/W2772120246","https://openalex.org/W2807535859","https://openalex.org/W2809456172","https://openalex.org/W2887920589","https://openalex.org/W2888456631","https://openalex.org/W2890964657","https://openalex.org/W2891924676","https://openalex.org/W2899113456","https://openalex.org/W2935811960","https://openalex.org/W2950635152","https://openalex.org/W2962778428","https://openalex.org/W2962784628","https://openalex.org/W2962807144","https://openalex.org/W2963088995","https://openalex.org/W2963216553","https://openalex.org/W2963247703","https://openalex.org/W2963331137","https://openalex.org/W2963347649","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963499433","https://openalex.org/W2963643655","https://openalex.org/W2963736842","https://openalex.org/W2963779652","https://openalex.org/W2963842982","https://openalex.org/W2963993537","https://openalex.org/W2964034111","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964265128","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W4244167344","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4394666973"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293202849","https://openalex.org/W1980965563","https://openalex.org/W1489300767","https://openalex.org/W4380714744","https://openalex.org/W2387995142","https://openalex.org/W4319453655","https://openalex.org/W2089959425","https://openalex.org/W2964074194","https://openalex.org/W2366944513","https://openalex.org/W2794347674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multilingual":[0],"neural":[1],"machine":[2],"translation":[3,21],"(Multi-NMT)":[4],"with":[5],"one":[6],"encoder-decoder":[7],"model":[8],"has":[9],"made":[10],"remarkable":[11],"progress":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14],"its":[15],"simple":[16],"deployment.":[17],"However,":[18],"this":[19,39,56],"multilingual":[20,66],"paradigm":[22,42],"does":[23],"not":[24],"make":[25],"full":[26],"use":[27],"of":[28,41],"language":[29],"commonality":[30],"and":[31,36,62],"parameter":[32],"sharing":[33],"between":[34],"encoder":[35],"decoder.":[37],"Furthermore,":[38],"kind":[40],"cannot":[43],"outperform":[44],"the":[45],"individual":[46],"models":[47],"trained":[48],"on":[49],"bilingual":[50],"corpus":[51],"in":[52],"most":[53],"cases.":[54],"In":[55],"paper,":[57],"we":[58],"propose":[59],"a":[60],"compact":[61],"language-sensitive":[63],"method":[64],"for":[65],"translation.":[67]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
