{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2798908575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p18-1073","title":"A robust self-learning method for fully unsupervised cross-lingual mappings of word embeddings","display_name":"A robust self-learning method for fully unsupervised cross-lingual mappings of word embeddings","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2798908575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p18-1073","mag":"2798908575"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p18-1073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p18-1073","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P18-1073.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P18-1073.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023341622","display_name":"Mikel Artetxe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mikel Artetxe","raw_affiliation_strings":["IXA NLP Group University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)","University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IXA NLP Group University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037338094","display_name":"Gorka Labaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4611-2502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gorka Labaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["IXA NLP Group University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)","University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IXA NLP Group University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047151336","display_name":"Eneko Agirre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0195-4899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eneko Agirre","raw_affiliation_strings":["IXA NLP Group University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)","University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IXA NLP Group University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023341622"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.4613,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98037953,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"789","last_page":"798"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.8410695195198059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8298499584197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.7578941583633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.666695773601532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.5977023839950562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5908967852592468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5733758807182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.494564026594162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.47181403636932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4572474956512451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4569258689880371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.25196823477745056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10143724083900452}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.8410695195198059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8298499584197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.7578941583633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.666695773601532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5977023839950562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5908967852592468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5733758807182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.494564026594162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.47181403636932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4572474956512451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4569258689880371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25196823477745056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10143724083900452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p18-1073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p18-1073","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P18-1073.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1805.06297","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1805.06297","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1805.06297","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2798908575","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/1805.06297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1805.06297","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1805.06297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p18-1073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p18-1073","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P18-1073.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","display_name":"Nvidia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321764","display_name":"Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n, Cultura y Deporte","ror":"https://ror.org/03nc27g21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321919","display_name":"Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2798908575.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2798908575.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W342285082","https://openalex.org/W630532510","https://openalex.org/W2126725946","https://openalex.org/W2169153112","https://openalex.org/W2250646737","https://openalex.org/W2294774419","https://openalex.org/W2471692228","https://openalex.org/W2508069829","https://openalex.org/W2561995736","https://openalex.org/W2741602058","https://openalex.org/W2788353357","https://openalex.org/W2949793883","https://openalex.org/W2963061446","https://openalex.org/W2963118869"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126725946","https://openalex.org/W2964266061","https://openalex.org/W2963118869","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2950577311","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2561995736","https://openalex.org/W2294774419","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W342285082","https://openalex.org/W2788353357","https://openalex.org/W2741602058","https://openalex.org/W2740132093","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2270364989","https://openalex.org/W2963061446","https://openalex.org/W2963047628","https://openalex.org/W2952190837","https://openalex.org/W2787560479","https://openalex.org/W2949114386"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"work":[1,49],"has":[2,26],"managed":[3],"to":[4,16],"learn":[5],"crosslingual":[6],"word":[7],"embeddings":[8,15],"without":[9],"parallel":[10],"data":[11],"by":[12],"mapping":[13],"monolingual":[14],"a":[17,56,70],"shared":[18],"space":[19],"through":[20],"adversarial":[21],"training.":[22],"However,":[23],"their":[24],"evaluation":[25],"focused":[27],"on":[28,55],"favorable":[29],"conditions,":[30],"using":[31],"comparable":[32],"corpora":[33],"or":[34],"closely-related":[35],"languages,":[36],"and":[37,69,86],"we":[38],"show":[39],"that":[40,60,74],"they":[41],"often":[42],"fail":[43],"in":[44,82,92],"more":[45],"realistic":[46],"scenarios.":[47],"This":[48],"proposes":[50],"an":[51,105],"alternative":[52],"approach":[53],"based":[54],"fully":[57],"unsupervised":[58],"initialization":[59],"explicitly":[61],"exploits":[62],"the":[63,67,88],"structural":[64],"similarity":[65],"of":[66],"embeddings,":[68],"robust":[71],"self-learning":[72],"algorithm":[73],"iteratively":[75],"improves":[76],"this":[77],"solution.":[78],"Our":[79,100],"method":[80],"succeeds":[81],"all":[83],"tested":[84],"scenarios":[85],"obtains":[87],"best":[89],"published":[90],"results":[91],"standard":[93],"datasets,":[94],"even":[95],"surpassing":[96],"previous":[97],"supervised":[98],"systems.":[99],"implementation":[101],"is":[102],"released":[103],"as":[104],"open":[106],"source":[107],"project":[108],"at":[109],"https://github.":[110],"com/artetxem/vecmap.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
