{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2798886742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p18-1072","title":"On the Limitations of Unsupervised Bilingual Dictionary Induction","display_name":"On the Limitations of Unsupervised Bilingual Dictionary Induction","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2798886742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p18-1072","mag":"2798886742"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p18-1072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p18-1072","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/P18-1072.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/P18-1072.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018138946","display_name":"Anders S\u00f8gaard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-4276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anders S\u00f8gaard","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark","Machine Learning, Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, K\u00f8benhavns Universitet"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning, Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, K\u00f8benhavns Universitet","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037310413","display_name":"Sebastian Ruder","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188760350","display_name":"Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Ruder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aylien Ltd., Dublin, Ireland","Insight Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland","National University of Ireland, Galway#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aylien Ltd., Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Ireland, Galway#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014866912","display_name":"Ivan Vuli\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5161-5422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Vuli\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"778","last_page":"788"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7543522119522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7147882580757141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilingual-dictionary","display_name":"Bilingual dictionary","score":0.6273705959320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5909069180488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.5562962293624878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5503695011138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5399439930915833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.5071179866790771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.48205527663230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4530408978462219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3766336739063263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1465039849281311}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7543522119522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7147882580757141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779235283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2640207","display_name":"Bilingual dictionary","level":2,"score":0.6273705959320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5909069180488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.5562962293624878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5503695011138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5399439930915833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.5071179866790771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.48205527663230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4530408978462219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3766336739063263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1465039849281311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p18-1072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p18-1072","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/P18-1072.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1805.03620","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1805.03620","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1805.03620","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2798886742","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1805.03620.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/f82497c4-34ec-4f13-81db-65541dd85098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchprofiles.ku.dk/da/publications/f82497c4-34ec-4f13-81db-65541dd85098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401983","display_name":"Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","host_organization_name":"University of Copenhagen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"S\u00f8gaard , A , Ruder , S & Vulic , I 2018 , On the Limitations of Unsupervised Bilingual Dictionary Induction . in Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics : (Long papers) . Association for Computational Linguistics , pp. 778\u2013788 , 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics - System Demonstrations , Melbourne , Australia , 15/07/2018 .","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/285040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Object"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1805.03620","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1805.03620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.17863/cam.32410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.32410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050737","display_name":"Apollo","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Other"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p18-1072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p18-1072","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/P18-1072.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1383882326","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFI/12/RC/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2881606312","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFI/12/RC/2289","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5098725405","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12/RC/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6654329577","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant Number SFI/12/RC/2289","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7362007176","display_name":"INSIGHT - Irelands Big Data and Analytics Research Centre","funder_award_id":"12/RC/2289","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321056","display_name":"Irish Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/051xex213"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2798886742.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2798886742.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963047628","https://openalex.org/W2126725946","https://openalex.org/W2294774419","https://openalex.org/W2788353357","https://openalex.org/W2741602058","https://openalex.org/W2561995736","https://openalex.org/W2891745105","https://openalex.org/W342285082","https://openalex.org/W2963118869","https://openalex.org/W2780578493","https://openalex.org/W2950577311","https://openalex.org/W2740132093","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W3173718692","https://openalex.org/W3169661926","https://openalex.org/W2891081936","https://openalex.org/W3029668006","https://openalex.org/W2251314890","https://openalex.org/W2952872461"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unsupervised":[0],"machine":[1,28],"translation-i.e.,":[2],"not":[3,77],"assuming":[4],"any":[5],"cross-lingual":[6],"supervision":[7,100],"signal,":[8],"whether":[9],"a":[10,25,94,98,111,121],"dictionary,":[11],"translations,":[12],"or":[13,86],"comparable":[14],"corpora-seems":[15],"impossible,":[16],"but":[17],"nevertheless,":[18],"Lample":[19],"et":[20,49],"al.":[21],"(2018a)":[22],"recently":[23],"proposed":[24],"fully":[26],"unsupervised":[27,38,62,64,115],"translation":[29],"(MT)":[30],"model.The":[31],"model":[32],"relies":[33],"heavily":[34],"on":[35,71],"an":[36],"adversarial,":[37],"alignment":[39],"of":[40,60],"word":[41],"embedding":[42,88],"spaces":[43],"for":[44],"bilingual":[45,65,116],"dictionary":[46,66,117],"induction":[47,67,118],"(Conneau":[48],"al.,":[50],"2018),":[51],"which":[52],"we":[53],"examine":[54],"here.Our":[55],"results":[56],"identify":[57],"the":[58],"limitations":[59],"current":[61],"MT:":[63],"performs":[68],"much":[69],"worse":[70],"morphologically":[72],"rich":[73],"languages":[74],"that":[75,93],"are":[76,90],"dependent":[78],"marking,":[79],"when":[80],"monolingual":[81],"corpora":[82],"from":[83,102],"different":[84,87],"domains":[85],"algorithms":[89],"used.We":[91],"show":[92],"simple":[95],"trick,":[96],"exploiting":[97],"weak":[99],"signal":[101],"identical":[103],"words,":[104],"enables":[105],"more":[106],"robust":[107],"induction,":[108],"and":[109,120],"establish":[110],"near-perfect":[112],"correlation":[113],"between":[114],"performance":[119],"previously":[122],"unexplored":[123],"graph":[124],"similarity":[125],"metric.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}