{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2798442412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p18-1010","title":"Hierarchical Losses and New Resources for Fine-grained Entity Typing and Linking","display_name":"Hierarchical Losses and New Resources for Fine-grained Entity Typing and Linking","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2798442412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p18-1010","mag":"2798442412"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p18-1010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p18-1010","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P18-1010.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P18-1010.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054587391","display_name":"Shikhar Murty","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121800","display_name":"Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qenvm24","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shikhar Murty","raw_affiliation_strings":["UMass Amherst","Zuckerberg Initiative"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UMass Amherst","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zuckerberg Initiative","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008189176","display_name":"Patrick Verga","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121800","display_name":"Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qenvm24","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Verga","raw_affiliation_strings":["UMass Amherst","Zuckerberg Initiative"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UMass Amherst","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zuckerberg Initiative","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016501970","display_name":"Luke Vilnis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121800","display_name":"Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qenvm24","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luke Vilnis","raw_affiliation_strings":["UMass Amherst","Zuckerberg Initiative"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UMass Amherst","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zuckerberg Initiative","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101626398","display_name":"Irena Radovanovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3823-3729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121800","display_name":"Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qenvm24","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irena Radovanovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["UMass Amherst","Zuckerberg Initiative"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UMass Amherst","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zuckerberg Initiative","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107835063","display_name":"Andrew McCallum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121800","display_name":"Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qenvm24","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew McCallum","raw_affiliation_strings":["UMass Amherst","Zuckerberg Initiative"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UMass Amherst","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zuckerberg Initiative","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.904,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":96,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97538886,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"97","last_page":"109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8735952973365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.63836669921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.6150914430618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6027249097824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5957695841789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.5805324912071228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wordnet","display_name":"WordNet","score":0.48579907417297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.44695931673049927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3266168236732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3214040696620941}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8735952973365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.63836669921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6150914430618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6027249097824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5957695841789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.5805324912071228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157659113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533822","display_name":"WordNet","level":2,"score":0.48579907417297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.44695931673049927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3266168236732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3214040696620941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p18-1010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p18-1010","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P18-1010.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p18-1010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p18-1010","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P18-1010.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2011866053","display_name":"III: Medium: Constructing Knowledge Bases by Extracting Entity-Relations and Meanings from Natural Language via \"Universal Schema\"","funder_award_id":"1514053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5217516660","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1514053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315474","display_name":"Chan Zuckerberg Initiative","ror":"https://ror.org/02qenvm24"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2798442412.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2798442412.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W86887328","https://openalex.org/W174427690","https://openalex.org/W205829674","https://openalex.org/W638568100","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1548663377","https://openalex.org/W1610821757","https://openalex.org/W1699691160","https://openalex.org/W2000411838","https://openalex.org/W2022166150","https://openalex.org/W2042792636","https://openalex.org/W2047810014","https://openalex.org/W2068737686","https://openalex.org/W2094728533","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2107598941","https://openalex.org/W2127265454","https://openalex.org/W2132096166","https://openalex.org/W2136640051","https://openalex.org/W2142016317","https://openalex.org/W2143017621","https://openalex.org/W2144578941","https://openalex.org/W2154139219","https://openalex.org/W2155454737","https://openalex.org/W2159583324","https://openalex.org/W2169099542","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2250750514","https://openalex.org/W2251239360","https://openalex.org/W2283140239","https://openalex.org/W2293004735","https://openalex.org/W2346452181","https://openalex.org/W2406945108","https://openalex.org/W2414378847","https://openalex.org/W2432356473","https://openalex.org/W2515462165","https://openalex.org/W2537679995","https://openalex.org/W2572179331","https://openalex.org/W2618798060","https://openalex.org/W2753276755","https://openalex.org/W2757369719","https://openalex.org/W2805241394","https://openalex.org/W2915536738","https://openalex.org/W2952087486","https://openalex.org/W2953320089","https://openalex.org/W2962713724","https://openalex.org/W2962796133","https://openalex.org/W2962821631","https://openalex.org/W2963184844","https://openalex.org/W2963374550","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963432357","https://openalex.org/W2963561757","https://openalex.org/W2963690776","https://openalex.org/W2963866616","https://openalex.org/W2963899908","https://openalex.org/W2964059756","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W4299801216","https://openalex.org/W4385245566"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2326857978","https://openalex.org/W1597238586","https://openalex.org/W2100377551","https://openalex.org/W2120717426","https://openalex.org/W1485554661","https://openalex.org/W1595523455","https://openalex.org/W2393185060","https://openalex.org/W1851156223","https://openalex.org/W2251023718","https://openalex.org/W2370546856"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Extraction":[0],"from":[1,166],"raw":[2],"text":[3],"to":[4,41,52,112,115,135,150],"a":[5,19,123],"knowledge":[6],"base":[7],"of":[8,22,125],"entities":[9,34],"and":[10,24,33,49,62,79,83,105,140],"fine-grained":[11,80],"types":[12,32,145],"is":[13],"often":[14],"cast":[15],"as":[16],"prediction":[17],"into":[18],"flat":[20,74],"set":[21],"entity":[23,77,81,154],"type":[25],"labels,":[26],"neglecting":[27],"the":[28,92,113,136,147],"rich":[29],"hierarchies":[30,107],"over":[31,73],"contained":[35],"in":[36,76,119,128],"curated":[37],"ontologies.":[38,54],"Previous":[39],"attempts":[40],"incorporate":[42],"hierarchical":[43,68],"structure":[44],"have":[45,132],"yielded":[46],"little":[47],"benefit":[48],"are":[50],"restricted":[51],"shallow":[53],"This":[55],"paper":[56],"presents":[57],"new":[58,85,100],"methods":[59],"using":[60],"real":[61],"complex":[63],"bilinear":[64],"mappings":[65],"for":[66,88],"integrating":[67],"information,":[69],"yielding":[70],"substantial":[71,164],"improvement":[72],"predictions":[75],"linking":[78],"typing,":[82],"achieving":[84],"state-of-the-art":[86],"results":[87],"end-to-end":[89],"models":[90],"on":[91,158],"benchmark":[93],"FIGER":[94],"dataset.":[95],"We":[96],"also":[97],"present":[98],"two":[99],"human-annotated":[101],"datasets":[102,161],"containing":[103],"wide":[104],"deep":[106],"which":[108,129,142],"we":[109,162],"will":[110],"release":[111],"community":[114],"encourage":[116],"further":[117],"research":[118],"this":[120],"direction:":[121],"MedMentions,":[122],"collection":[124],"PubMed":[126],"abstracts":[127],"246k":[130],"mentions":[131],"been":[133],"mapped":[134],"massive":[137],"UMLS":[138],"ontology;":[139],"Type-Net,":[141],"aligns":[143],"Freebase":[144],"with":[146],"WordNet":[148],"hierarchy":[149],"obtain":[151],"nearly":[152],"2k":[153],"types.":[155],"In":[156],"experiments":[157],"all":[159],"three":[160],"show":[163],"gains":[165],"hierarchy-aware":[167],"training.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
