{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2618218947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p17-3017","title":"Generating Steganographic Text with LSTMs","display_name":"Generating Steganographic Text with LSTMs","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2618218947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p17-3017","mag":"2618218947"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p17-3017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p17-3017","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P17-3017.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of ACL 2017, Student Research Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P17-3017.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032125096","display_name":"Tina Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tina Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073756389","display_name":"Martin Jaggi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1579-5558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Jaggi","raw_affiliation_strings":["cole polytechnique fdrale de Lausanne","\u00c9cole polytechnique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"cole polytechnique fdrale de Lausanne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole polytechnique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011668097","display_name":"Katerina Argyraki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9470-2819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katerina Argyraki","raw_affiliation_strings":["cole polytechnique fdrale de Lausanne","\u00c9cole polytechnique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"cole polytechnique fdrale de Lausanne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole polytechnique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032125096"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5732,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":140,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9562878,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"100","last_page":"106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8447225093841553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.8126728534698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.7284344434738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.7137099504470825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5605000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46922311186790466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.441723108291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.4304606318473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.41238802671432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.35966914892196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3261794447898865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.32125765085220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.1793285310268402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.06996455788612366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8447225093841553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.8126728534698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.7284344434738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.7137099504470825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5605000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46922311186790466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.441723108291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.4304606318473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.41238802671432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.35966914892196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3261794447898865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.32125765085220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.1793285310268402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.06996455788612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p17-3017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p17-3017","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P17-3017.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of ACL 2017, Student Research Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:229881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/229881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p17-3017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p17-3017","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P17-3017.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of ACL 2017, Student Research Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2618218947.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2618218947.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20548848","https://openalex.org/W32140476","https://openalex.org/W179875071","https://openalex.org/W182831726","https://openalex.org/W196214544","https://openalex.org/W1603920809","https://openalex.org/W1815076433","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2074754392","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2108498102","https://openalex.org/W2124664712","https://openalex.org/W2143017621","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2162174114","https://openalex.org/W2250264914","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2251012556","https://openalex.org/W2259472270","https://openalex.org/W2487450318","https://openalex.org/W2577138561","https://openalex.org/W2605121773","https://openalex.org/W2953320089","https://openalex.org/W3046507427","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W4320013936"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2521839693","https://openalex.org/W2969135852","https://openalex.org/W2188948172","https://openalex.org/W2153696906","https://openalex.org/W38533693","https://openalex.org/W2892069487","https://openalex.org/W2741842698","https://openalex.org/W1760333999","https://openalex.org/W2265739152","https://openalex.org/W2094307307"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Motivated":[0],"by":[1],"concerns":[2],"for":[3],"user":[4],"privacy,":[5],"we":[6],"design":[7],"a":[8,33,39],"steganographic":[9,63],"system":[10],"(\"stegosystem\")":[11],"that":[12,24,59],"enables":[13],"two":[14],"users":[15],"to":[16,74],"exchange":[17,27],"encrypted":[18],"messages":[19],"without":[20],"an":[21,26],"adversary":[22],"detecting":[23],"such":[25],"is":[28],"taking":[29],"place.":[30],"We":[31,46],"propose":[32],"new":[34],"linguistic":[35],"stegosystem":[36],"based":[37],"on":[38,50],"Long":[40],"Short-Term":[41],"Memory":[42],"(LSTM)":[43],"neural":[44],"network.":[45],"demonstrate":[47],"our":[48],"approach":[49],"the":[51,75],"Twitter":[52],"and":[53,57],"Enron":[54],"email":[55],"datasets":[56],"show":[58],"it":[60],"yields":[61],"high-quality":[62],"text":[64],"while":[65],"significantly":[66],"improving":[67],"capacity":[68],"(encrypted":[69],"bits":[70],"per":[71],"word)":[72],"relative":[73],"state-of-the-art.":[76]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
