{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2962700074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p17-2060","title":"Neural System Combination for Machine Translation","display_name":"Neural System Combination for Machine Translation","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2962700074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p17-2060","mag":"2962700074"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p17-2060","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p17-2060","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P17-2060.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P17-2060.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106557565","display_name":"Long Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1919-4943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CASIA, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CASIA, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014810546","display_name":"Wenpeng Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenpeng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CASIA, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CASIA, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100319572","display_name":"Jiajun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5293-7434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CASIA, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CASIA, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015785439","display_name":"Chengqing Zong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-3818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097554","display_name":"Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00vpwhm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210097554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengqing Zong","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China","National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CASIA, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CASIA, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"378","last_page":"384"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.9398669004440308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8806366920471191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.7132578492164612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bleu","display_name":"BLEU","score":0.7081421613693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6650919914245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation-system","display_name":"Machine translation system","score":0.5978000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaluation-of-machine-translation","display_name":"Evaluation of machine translation","score":0.5805519819259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5263996124267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/example-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","score":0.5086230039596558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4934662878513336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Transfer-based machine translation","score":0.426339328289032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation-system","display_name":"Translation system","score":0.4208866357803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35163453221321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation-software-usability","display_name":"Machine translation software usability","score":0.27940741181373596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.05411693453788757}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.9398669004440308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8806366920471191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.7132578492164612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C622187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3500773","display_name":"BLEU","level":3,"score":0.7081421613693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6650919914245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986258472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation system","level":3,"score":0.5978000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135784402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6958279","display_name":"Evaluation of machine translation","level":5,"score":0.5805519819259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5263996124267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24687705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753284","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","level":3,"score":0.5086230039596558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4934662878513336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130597682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6961922","display_name":"Transfer-based machine translation","level":4,"score":0.426339328289032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992676002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Translation system","level":3,"score":0.4208866357803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35163453221321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148526163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6723733","display_name":"Machine translation software usability","level":4,"score":0.27940741181373596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.05411693453788757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p17-2060","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p17-2060","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P17-2060.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p17-2060","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p17-2060","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P17-2060.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2204133011","display_name":"\u6c49\u8bed\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u8bed\u7bc7\u5206\u6790\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528","funder_award_id":"61333018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6753692345","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61673380","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2962700074.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2962700074.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W204945112","https://openalex.org/W1483849869","https://openalex.org/W1753482797","https://openalex.org/W1902237438","https://openalex.org/W2050213775","https://openalex.org/W2111491614","https://openalex.org/W2117139364","https://openalex.org/W2118434577","https://openalex.org/W2122609803","https://openalex.org/W2128232128","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2131121993","https://openalex.org/W2136657878","https://openalex.org/W2152263452","https://openalex.org/W2153508793","https://openalex.org/W2153653739","https://openalex.org/W2157167255","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2169242480","https://openalex.org/W2250849168","https://openalex.org/W2361821140","https://openalex.org/W2387720973","https://openalex.org/W2400065810","https://openalex.org/W2475913055","https://openalex.org/W2527845440","https://openalex.org/W2532807140","https://openalex.org/W2534200568","https://openalex.org/W2542860122","https://openalex.org/W2561274697","https://openalex.org/W2566564022","https://openalex.org/W2575629043","https://openalex.org/W2577335011","https://openalex.org/W2952479981","https://openalex.org/W2962780935","https://openalex.org/W2962784628","https://openalex.org/W2962867687","https://openalex.org/W2963216553","https://openalex.org/W2963247703","https://openalex.org/W2963260202","https://openalex.org/W2963357083","https://openalex.org/W2963463964","https://openalex.org/W2963598809","https://openalex.org/W2964007535","https://openalex.org/W2964034111","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W4241645538","https://openalex.org/W4307459710","https://openalex.org/W4390913012"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2395641992","https://openalex.org/W2902698002","https://openalex.org/W4280571180","https://openalex.org/W3021126373","https://openalex.org/W2140343992","https://openalex.org/W4283812822","https://openalex.org/W2989202544","https://openalex.org/W148056595","https://openalex.org/W2890508380","https://openalex.org/W4226215123"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0],"machine":[1,9,20],"translation":[2,10,21,31,82],"(NMT)":[3],"becomes":[4],"a":[5,36,53],"new":[6],"approach":[7],"to":[8,18,39],"and":[11,46,69,72,101],"generates":[12],"much":[13],"more":[14],"fluent":[15],"results":[16],"compared":[17],"statistical":[19],"(SMT).":[22],"However,":[23],"SMT":[24,70],"is":[25,34],"usually":[26],"better":[27],"than":[28],"NMT":[29,45,68],"in":[30],"adequacy.":[32],"It":[33],"therefore":[35],"promising":[37],"direction":[38],"combine":[40],"the":[41,65,74,80,96,106],"advantages":[42],"of":[43,67],"both":[44],"SMT.":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49],"paper,":[50],"we":[51],"propose":[52],"neural":[54],"system":[55,99,109],"combination":[56,110],"framework":[57],"leveraging":[58],"multi-source":[59],"NMT,":[60],"which":[61],"takes":[62],"as":[63],"input":[64],"outputs":[66],"systems":[71],"produces":[73],"final":[75],"translation.":[76],"Extensive":[77],"experiments":[78],"on":[79],"Chineseto-English":[81],"task":[83],"show":[84],"that":[85],"our":[86],"model":[87],"archives":[88],"significant":[89],"improvement":[90],"by":[91],"5.3":[92],"BLEU":[93,103],"points":[94,104],"over":[95,105],"best":[97],"single":[98],"output":[100],"3.4":[102],"state-of-the-art":[107],"traditional":[108],"methods.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T15:57:00.446498","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
