{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2741104967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p17-1016","title":"Automatically Generating Rhythmic Verse with Neural Networks","display_name":"Automatically Generating Rhythmic Verse with Neural Networks","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2741104967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p17-1016","mag":"2741104967"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p17-1016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p17-1016","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P17-1016.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for\n          Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P17-1016.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103705890","display_name":"Jack W. Hopk\u00edns","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096386","display_name":"Bridge University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cbm0437","country_code":"SS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096386"]}],"countries":["GB","SS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack Hopkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Laboratory University of Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Laboratory University of Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096386","https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016956470","display_name":"Douwe Kiela","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douwe Kiela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook AI Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook AI Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1961,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97063283,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"168","last_page":"178"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhyme","display_name":"Rhyme","score":0.8116995096206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7480529546737671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poetry","display_name":"Poetry","score":0.6638370752334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6519025564193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhythm","display_name":"Rhythm","score":0.641956090927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6386083960533142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.5696936845779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.5477648377418518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.52406907081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5106425881385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.49377211928367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.47640812397003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4467162787914276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alliteration","display_name":"Alliteration","score":0.41255074739456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.4120277762413025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3349519968032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.29541611671447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10265916585922241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.08220449090003967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777231075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178715","display_name":"Rhyme","level":3,"score":0.8116995096206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7480529546737671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164913051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482","display_name":"Poetry","level":2,"score":0.6638370752334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6519025564193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135343436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170406","display_name":"Rhythm","level":2,"score":0.641956090927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6386083960533142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.5696936845779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5477648377418518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.52406907081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5106425881385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.49377211928367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.47640812397003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4467162787914276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779385190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484495","display_name":"Alliteration","level":4,"score":0.41255074739456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.4120277762413025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3349519968032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.29541611671447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10265916585922241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.08220449090003967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p17-1016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p17-1016","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P17-1016.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for\n          Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p17-1016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p17-1016","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P17-1016.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for\n          Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2741104967.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2741104967.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47006904","https://openalex.org/W100623710","https://openalex.org/W116271097","https://openalex.org/W179875071","https://openalex.org/W196214544","https://openalex.org/W1581427285","https://openalex.org/W1587351043","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1675065936","https://openalex.org/W1779680350","https://openalex.org/W1938755728","https://openalex.org/W2026351760","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2067209153","https://openalex.org/W2107791851","https://openalex.org/W2115221470","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2134859678","https://openalex.org/W2136346830","https://openalex.org/W2139106564","https://openalex.org/W2150355110","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2163993443","https://openalex.org/W2182407645","https://openalex.org/W2187147484","https://openalex.org/W2251012068","https://openalex.org/W2437096199","https://openalex.org/W2563845258","https://openalex.org/W2564258503","https://openalex.org/W2577150963","https://openalex.org/W2578514770","https://openalex.org/W2950577311","https://openalex.org/W2951559648","https://openalex.org/W2963227255","https://openalex.org/W3216596206","https://openalex.org/W4233906699","https://openalex.org/W4394150413"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2239843103","https://openalex.org/W2368284102","https://openalex.org/W2365869576","https://openalex.org/W2159654999","https://openalex.org/W4230760778","https://openalex.org/W2468284264","https://openalex.org/W2731423424","https://openalex.org/W2067902267","https://openalex.org/W2908510543","https://openalex.org/W2362070845"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"two":[2],"novel":[3],"methodologies":[4],"for":[5],"the":[6,37,93,99,102,132,143],"automatic":[7],"generation":[8,63],"of":[9,15,35,41,81,95,101,131],"rhythmic":[10],"poetry":[11,62,109],"in":[12],"a":[13,21,27,65,70,79,84,138],"variety":[14],"forms.":[16],"The":[17,58],"first":[18],"approach":[19,60],"uses":[20],"neural":[22,72],"language":[23,73],"model":[24,45,74],"trained":[25],"on":[26,92],"phonetic":[28],"encoding":[29],"to":[30,125,141],"learn":[31,48],"an":[32],"implicit":[33],"representation":[34,80],"both":[36],"form":[38],"and":[39,56,83,113],"content":[40],"English":[42],"poetry.":[43],"This":[44],"can":[46,106],"effectively":[47],"common":[49],"poetic":[50],"devices":[51],"such":[52],"as":[53,64],"rhyme,":[54],"rhythm":[55],"alliteration.":[57],"second":[59],"considers":[61],"constraint":[66],"satisfaction":[67],"problem":[68],"where":[69],"generative":[71],"is":[75],"tasked":[76],"with":[77,110],"learning":[78],"content,":[82],"discriminative":[85],"weighted":[86],"finite":[87],"state":[88],"machine":[89],"constrains":[90],"it":[91],"basis":[94],"form.":[96],"By":[97],"manipulating":[98],"constraints":[100],"latter":[103],"model,":[104],"we":[105],"generate":[107],"coherent":[108],"arbitrary":[111],"forms":[112],"themes.":[114],"A":[115],"large-scale":[116],"extrinsic":[117],"evaluation":[118],"demonstrated":[119],"that":[120],"participants":[121,136],"consider":[122],"machine-generated":[123],"poems":[124],"be":[126,142],"written":[127],"by":[128],"humans":[129],"54%":[130],"time.":[133],"In":[134],"addition,":[135],"rated":[137],"machinegenerated":[139],"poem":[140],"most":[144],"human-like":[145],"amongst":[146],"all":[147],"evaluated.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
