{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963241825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-2022","title":"Natural Language Inference by Tree-Based Convolution and Heuristic Matching","display_name":"Natural Language Inference by Tree-Based Convolution and Heuristic Matching","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963241825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-2022","mag":"2963241825"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p16-2022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-2022","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P16-2022.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P16-2022.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024821632","display_name":"Lili Mou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7753-4295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lili Mou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University), Ministry of Education, China; Software Institute, Peking University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University), Ministry of Education, China; Software Institute, Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004626105","display_name":"Rui Men","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4429-3461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Men","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University), Ministry of Education, China; Software Institute, Peking University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University), Ministry of Education, China; Software Institute, Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447691","display_name":"Ge Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0140-0949"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge Li","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013947981","display_name":"Yan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0503-183X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University), Ministry of Education, China; Software Institute, Peking University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University), Ministry of Education, China; Software Institute, Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100388716","display_name":"Lu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4357-2423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University), Ministry of Education, China; Software Institute, Peking University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University), Ministry of Education, China; Software Institute, Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100716372","display_name":"Rui Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3356-6823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Inc., China","Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University), Ministry of Education, China; Software Institute, Peking University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Inc., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University), Ministry of Education, China; Software Institute, Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049100391","display_name":"Zhi Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1087-226X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University), Ministry of Education, China; Software Institute, Peking University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University), Ministry of Education, China; Software Institute, Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":73.7461,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":369,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99901375,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"130","last_page":"136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.67091304063797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.5724520087242126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5614693760871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.546016275882721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.535763144493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5294632315635681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4627061188220978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4162846505641937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3755250871181488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2761976420879364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1297914981842041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.06181293725967407}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.67091304063797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.5724520087242126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5614693760871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.546016275882721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.535763144493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5294632315635681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4627061188220978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4162846505641937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3755250871181488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2761976420879364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1297914981842041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.06181293725967407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p16-2022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-2022","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P16-2022.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p16-2022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-2022","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P16-2022.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1828425977","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"973 Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2039607704","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015CB352201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4512837029","display_name":"\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u57fa\u4e8e\u77e5\u4ef6\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u9a71\u52a8\u77e5\u8bc6\u670d\u52a1\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61232015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5152043508","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61421091","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963241825.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963241825.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71795751","https://openalex.org/W1508977358","https://openalex.org/W1561155402","https://openalex.org/W1750263989","https://openalex.org/W1840435438","https://openalex.org/W1921650316","https://openalex.org/W1977884995","https://openalex.org/W2068206659","https://openalex.org/W2103305545","https://openalex.org/W2112644606","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2120615054","https://openalex.org/W2127589108","https://openalex.org/W2141599568","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2170738476","https://openalex.org/W2171590421","https://openalex.org/W2189207740","https://openalex.org/W2228826686","https://openalex.org/W2236688737","https://openalex.org/W2251427843","https://openalex.org/W2251826083","https://openalex.org/W2265289447","https://openalex.org/W2282866165","https://openalex.org/W2294860948","https://openalex.org/W2295479927","https://openalex.org/W2339852062","https://openalex.org/W2951359136","https://openalex.org/W2953029945","https://openalex.org/W2962906443","https://openalex.org/W2962958286","https://openalex.org/W2963053846","https://openalex.org/W2963371736","https://openalex.org/W2963840901","https://openalex.org/W2963872035","https://openalex.org/W2963899908","https://openalex.org/W2964087600","https://openalex.org/W2964217331","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W4299801216"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055243143","https://openalex.org/W4321636575","https://openalex.org/W2357796999","https://openalex.org/W2045526782","https://openalex.org/W2741131631","https://openalex.org/W1986418932","https://openalex.org/W2156919374","https://openalex.org/W35446969","https://openalex.org/W1984019423","https://openalex.org/W2996519767"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,16],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"the":[5,37],"TBCNNpair":[6],"model":[7,47],"to":[8],"recognize":[9],"entailment":[10],"and":[11],"contradiction":[12],"between":[13],"two":[14],"sentences.":[15,41],"our":[17,46],"model,":[18],"a":[19,54],"tree-based":[20],"convolutional":[21],"neural":[22],"network":[23],"(TBCNN)":[24],"captures":[25],"sentencelevel":[26],"semantics;":[27],"then":[28],"heuristic":[29],"matching":[30],"layers":[31],"like":[32],"concatenation,":[33],"element-wise":[34],"product/difference":[35],"combine":[36],"information":[38],"in":[39],"individual":[40],"Experimental":[42],"results":[43],"show":[44],"that":[45],"outperforms":[48],"existing":[49],"sentence":[50],"encoding-based":[51],"approaches":[52],"by":[53],"large":[55],"margin.":[56]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":77},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
