{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963064439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-1230","title":"On-line Active Reward Learning for Policy Optimisation in Spoken Dialogue Systems","display_name":"On-line Active Reward Learning for Policy Optimisation in Spoken Dialogue Systems","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963064439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-1230","mag":"2963064439"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p16-1230","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-1230","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040922365","display_name":"Pei-Hao Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-6016"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei-Hao Su","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051889115","display_name":"Milica Ga\u0161i\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0318-9147"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milica Gasic","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087009911","display_name":"Nikola Mrk\u0161i\u0107","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikola Mrk\u0161i\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001036127","display_name":"Lina M. Rojas Barahona","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lina M. Rojas Barahona","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058838995","display_name":"Stefan Ultes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2667-3126"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Ultes","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077472653","display_name":"David Vandyke","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Vandyke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100547702","display_name":"Tsung-Hsien Wen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsung-Hsien Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109097977","display_name":"Steve Young","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve Young","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.3182,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98580757,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2431","last_page":"2441"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7097733020782471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.5533223748207092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-learning","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","score":0.4335591495037079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4251551032066345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07089146971702576}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7097733020782471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5533223748207092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.4335591495037079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4251551032066345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07089146971702576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p16-1230","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-1230","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:768955","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.eng.cam.ac.uk/768955/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922847","display_name":"Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W218896052","https://openalex.org/W744662145","https://openalex.org/W1606347560","https://openalex.org/W1617082848","https://openalex.org/W1746819321","https://openalex.org/W1932421248","https://openalex.org/W1967071444","https://openalex.org/W1975244201","https://openalex.org/W1987326241","https://openalex.org/W1989996186","https://openalex.org/W1996957559","https://openalex.org/W2005708641","https://openalex.org/W2007221309","https://openalex.org/W2047335008","https://openalex.org/W2054716580","https://openalex.org/W2057244568","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2078429476","https://openalex.org/W2099201756","https://openalex.org/W2119015791","https://openalex.org/W2125031621","https://openalex.org/W2129297552","https://openalex.org/W2140539195","https://openalex.org/W2140656735","https://openalex.org/W2151814822","https://openalex.org/W2153971568","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2157826563","https://openalex.org/W2158139315","https://openalex.org/W2168490009","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2214131199","https://openalex.org/W2250558341","https://openalex.org/W2250679999","https://openalex.org/W2251221343","https://openalex.org/W2278865652","https://openalex.org/W2289601637","https://openalex.org/W2296712013","https://openalex.org/W2438667436","https://openalex.org/W2540392403","https://openalex.org/W2903158431","https://openalex.org/W2950133940","https://openalex.org/W2963252944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2130043461","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W1596801655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,118],"ability":[1],"to":[2,34,53,128],"compute":[3],"an":[4,74,109],"accurate":[5],"reward":[6,27,87],"function":[7],"is":[8,29,45,51,82,126],"essential":[9],"for":[10,66],"optimising":[11],"a":[12,55,93,102,113],"dialogue":[13,80,105,140],"policy":[14,81,141],"via":[15,89],"reinforcement":[16],"learning.":[17,142],"In":[18,60],"real-world":[19],"applications,":[20],"using":[21,112],"explicit":[22],"user":[23,137],"feedback":[24,138],"as":[25],"the":[26,42,79,86,123],"signal":[28],"often":[30],"unreliable":[31],"and":[32,134],"costly":[33],"collect.":[35],"This":[36,97],"problem":[37],"can":[38],"be":[39],"mitigated":[40],"if":[41],"user's":[43],"intent":[44],"known":[46],"in":[47,108,139],"advance":[48],"or":[49],"data":[50,131],"available":[52],"pre-train":[54],"task":[56],"success":[57],"predictor":[58],"off-line.":[59],"practice":[61],"neither":[62],"of":[63],"these":[64],"apply":[65],"most":[67],"real":[68],"world":[69],"applications.":[70],"Here":[71],"we":[72],"propose":[73],"on-line":[75],"learning":[76,91],"framework":[77,125],"whereby":[78],"jointly":[83],"trained":[84],"alongside":[85],"model":[88],"active":[90],"with":[92],"Gaussian":[94,98],"process":[95,99],"model.":[96],"operates":[100],"on":[101],"continuous":[103],"space":[104],"representation":[106],"generated":[107],"unsupervised":[110],"fashion":[111],"recurrent":[114],"neural":[115],"network":[116],"encoder-decoder.":[117],"experimental":[119],"results":[120],"demonstrate":[121],"that":[122],"proposed":[124],"able":[127],"significantly":[129],"reduce":[130],"annotation":[132],"costs":[133],"mitigate":[135],"noisy":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
