{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963780471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-1141","title":"Diachronic Word Embeddings Reveal Statistical Laws of Semantic Change","display_name":"Diachronic Word Embeddings Reveal Statistical Laws of Semantic Change","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963780471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-1141","mag":"2963780471"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p16-1141","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-1141","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P16-1141.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P16-1141.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103760053","display_name":"William L. Hamilton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William L. Hamilton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford CA, 94305"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford CA, 94305","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091272738","display_name":"Jure Leskovec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5411-923X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jure Leskovec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford CA, 94305"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford CA, 94305","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087088138","display_name":"Dan Jurafsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-7745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dan Jurafsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford CA, 94305"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford CA, 94305","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087088138"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":698.0246,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":842,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99994916,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1489","last_page":"1501"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-change","display_name":"Semantic change","score":0.6897915005683899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6361489295959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.585777223110199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.48931142687797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4429927468299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.3835400640964508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.14493927359580994}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36391188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1939117","display_name":"Semantic change","level":2,"score":0.6897915005683899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6361489295959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.585777223110199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.48931142687797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4429927468299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3835400640964508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.14493927359580994}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p16-1141","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-1141","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P16-1141.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p16-1141","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-1141","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P16-1141.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2597639035","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1149837","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3771973391","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSERC PGS","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4952545190","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G509020445","display_name":"CAREER: Mining structure and dynamics of groups of nodes in real-world networks","funder_award_id":"1149837","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5651234186","display_name":"RI: Medium: Deep Understanding: Integrating Neural and Symbolic Models of Meaning","funder_award_id":"1514268","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6894402473","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7913829644","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSERC PGS-D","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8295239305","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"514268","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8588245307","display_name":"RI: Medium: Bringing Sentiment Analysis and Social Network Analysis Together","funder_award_id":"1159679","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963780471.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963780471.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88980739","https://openalex.org/W124129693","https://openalex.org/W250892164","https://openalex.org/W574264556","https://openalex.org/W594069839","https://openalex.org/W1481333559","https://openalex.org/W1521626219","https://openalex.org/W1547696741","https://openalex.org/W1551268210","https://openalex.org/W1570098300","https://openalex.org/W1615991656","https://openalex.org/W1662133657","https://openalex.org/W1808906688","https://openalex.org/W1811781384","https://openalex.org/W1897587124","https://openalex.org/W1968663621","https://openalex.org/W1971329494","https://openalex.org/W1973826788","https://openalex.org/W1978400666","https://openalex.org/W1983578042","https://openalex.org/W1991699532","https://openalex.org/W1992009922","https://openalex.org/W2000951787","https://openalex.org/W2017761238","https://openalex.org/W2019096529","https://openalex.org/W2019655958","https://openalex.org/W2030840099","https://openalex.org/W2045208889","https://openalex.org/W2057069782","https://openalex.org/W2063804110","https://openalex.org/W2068064057","https://openalex.org/W2096204319","https://openalex.org/W2099953810","https://openalex.org/W2102183569","https://openalex.org/W2102343050","https://openalex.org/W2106279089","https://openalex.org/W2107550813","https://openalex.org/W2111267834","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2112578171","https://openalex.org/W2113283043","https://openalex.org/W2128838341","https://openalex.org/W2137735870","https://openalex.org/W2143773559","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2163614163","https://openalex.org/W2181523240","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2251402695","https://openalex.org/W2296560646","https://openalex.org/W2307020448","https://openalex.org/W2335749051","https://openalex.org/W2483398371","https://openalex.org/W2625730075","https://openalex.org/W2882319491","https://openalex.org/W2902796382","https://openalex.org/W2905399339","https://openalex.org/W2979401726","https://openalex.org/W4211177138","https://openalex.org/W4246334968","https://openalex.org/W4249888275","https://openalex.org/W4252434862","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W4297847885"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360025963","https://openalex.org/W2360785147","https://openalex.org/W2789919619","https://openalex.org/W2293457016","https://openalex.org/W2353329674","https://openalex.org/W1551406738","https://openalex.org/W2610387714","https://openalex.org/W2368517087","https://openalex.org/W2369308426","https://openalex.org/W4377866182"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"how":[1],"words":[2,119],"change":[3,53,103],"their":[4],"meanings":[5],"over":[6],"time":[7],"is":[8,22],"key":[9],"to":[10,27,70],"models":[11],"of":[12,74,92,98,101,109,115,117,127],"language":[13],"and":[14,29,84],"cultural":[15],"evolution,":[16],"but":[17,39],"historical":[18,63,79],"data":[19],"on":[20],"meaning":[21],"scarce,":[23],"making":[24],"theories":[25],"hard":[26],"develop":[28,46],"test.":[30],"Word":[31],"embeddings":[32,57],"show":[33],"promise":[34],"as":[35],"a":[36,47],"diachronic":[37],"tool,":[38],"have":[40,124],"not":[41],"been":[42],"carefully":[43],"evaluated.":[44],"We":[45,65],"robust":[48],"methodology":[49,69],"for":[50],"quantifying":[51],"semantic":[52,75,93,102,128],"by":[54],"evaluating":[55],"word":[56,110],"(PPMI,":[58],"SVD,":[59],"word2vec)":[60],"against":[61],"known":[62],"changes.":[64],"then":[66],"use":[67],"this":[68],"reveal":[71],"statistical":[72],"laws":[73,91],"evolution.":[76],"Using":[77],"six":[78],"corpora":[80],"spanning":[81],"four":[82],"languages":[83],"two":[85,89],"centuries,":[86],"we":[87],"propose":[88],"quantitative":[90],"change:":[94],"(i)":[95],"the":[96,113],"law":[97,114],"conformity-the":[99],"rate":[100],"scales":[104],"with":[105],"an":[106],"inverse":[107],"power-law":[108],"frequency;":[111],"(ii)":[112],"innovation-independent":[116],"frequency,":[118],"that":[120],"are":[121],"more":[122],"polysemous":[123],"higher":[125],"rates":[126],"change.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":117},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":129},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":127},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":155},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":107},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}