{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2515679950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-1030","title":"Connotation Frames: A Data-Driven Investigation","display_name":"Connotation Frames: A Data-Driven Investigation","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2515679950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-1030","mag":"2515679950"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p16-1030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-1030","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P16-1030.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P16-1030.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076412680","display_name":"Hannah Rashkin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58610484","display_name":"Seattle University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqc0m91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannah Rashkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005779128","display_name":"Sameer Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58610484","display_name":"Seattle University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqc0m91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sameer Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102992157","display_name":"Yejin Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3032-5378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58610484","display_name":"Seattle University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqc0m91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yejin Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07419992,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"311","last_page":"321"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connotation","display_name":"Connotation","score":0.7779993414878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verb","display_name":"Verb","score":0.6758644580841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predicate","display_name":"Predicate (mathematical logic)","score":0.5606668591499329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5007205009460449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.445374995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.4108465313911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36014658212661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.324924111366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26692846417427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.1192026138305664}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778120531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q661062","display_name":"Connotation","level":2,"score":0.7779993414878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776397901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24905","display_name":"Verb","level":2,"score":0.6758644580841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140146324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144319","display_name":"Predicate (mathematical logic)","level":2,"score":0.5606668591499329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5007205009460449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.445374995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4108465313911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36014658212661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.324924111366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26692846417427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1192026138305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p16-1030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-1030","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P16-1030.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1506.02739","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1506.02739","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1506.02739","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2515679950","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1506.02739.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1506.02739","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1506.02739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/p16-1030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-1030","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P16-1030.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2099617666","display_name":"Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP)","funder_award_id":"1256082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G234791550","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#DGE\u20101256082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5310676827","display_name":"RI: Small: A Data-Driven Framework to Sketch-to-Text Generation","funder_award_id":"1524371","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6537471220","display_name":"III: Medium: Collaborative Research: Collective Opinion Fraud Detection: Identifying and Integrating Cues from Language, Behavior, and Networks","funder_award_id":"1408287","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2515679950.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2515679950.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66373487","https://openalex.org/W101786867","https://openalex.org/W145806832","https://openalex.org/W193524605","https://openalex.org/W226959768","https://openalex.org/W236776272","https://openalex.org/W1549997466","https://openalex.org/W1787105636","https://openalex.org/W1951269370","https://openalex.org/W1967807490","https://openalex.org/W1986916218","https://openalex.org/W2022204871","https://openalex.org/W2052122479","https://openalex.org/W2053081145","https://openalex.org/W2066018628","https://openalex.org/W2097162496","https://openalex.org/W2097480711","https://openalex.org/W2098420572","https://openalex.org/W2105834893","https://openalex.org/W2115792525","https://openalex.org/W2124603375","https://openalex.org/W2131090205","https://openalex.org/W2137813581","https://openalex.org/W2141599568","https://openalex.org/W2141790691","https://openalex.org/W2145451908","https://openalex.org/W2158184123","https://openalex.org/W2158794898","https://openalex.org/W2158847908","https://openalex.org/W2162010436","https://openalex.org/W2183031110","https://openalex.org/W2250835245","https://openalex.org/W2250837944","https://openalex.org/W2251872787","https://openalex.org/W2252052418","https://openalex.org/W2293778248","https://openalex.org/W3158986179"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963069209","https://openalex.org/W1201417585","https://openalex.org/W2521606076","https://openalex.org/W3029715370","https://openalex.org/W2791906067","https://openalex.org/W2626206547","https://openalex.org/W972423827","https://openalex.org/W71105701","https://openalex.org/W2362077592","https://openalex.org/W2317817595","https://openalex.org/W208042094","https://openalex.org/W955788132","https://openalex.org/W2891830521","https://openalex.org/W810401179","https://openalex.org/W1808838356","https://openalex.org/W2372194771","https://openalex.org/W2399023528","https://openalex.org/W188527586","https://openalex.org/W2252763091","https://openalex.org/W3101691344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Through":[0],"a":[1,5,11,16,41],"particular":[2],"choice":[3],"of":[4,18],"predicate":[6],"(e.g.,":[7],"\"x":[8],"violated":[9],"y\"),":[10],"writer":[12],"can":[13],"subtly":[14],"connote":[15],"range":[17],"implied":[19],"sentiment":[20],"and":[21,28,38,63],"presupposed":[22],"facts":[23],"about":[24],"the":[25,71],"entities":[26],"x":[27,34],"y:":[29],"(1)":[30],"writer's":[31],"perspective:":[32,45],"projecting":[33],"as":[35,40],"an":[36],"\"antagonist\"":[37],"y":[39,46,59,67],"\"victim\",":[42],"(2)":[43],"entities'":[44],"probably":[47],"dislikes":[48],"x,":[49],"(3)":[50],"effect:":[51],"something":[52,61],"bad":[53],"happened":[54],"to":[55],"y,":[56],"(4)":[57],"value:":[58],"is":[60,68],"valuable,":[62],"(5)":[64],"mental":[65],"state:":[66],"distressed":[69],"by":[70],"event.":[72]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}