{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2924584999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n19-4006","title":"Train, Sort, Explain: Learning to Diagnose Translation Models","display_name":"Train, Sort, Explain: Learning to Diagnose Translation Models","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2924584999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n19-4006","mag":"2924584999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/n19-4006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n19-4006","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n19-4006","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078968418","display_name":"Robert Schwarzenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-1635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Schwarzenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence, Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence, Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066227763","display_name":"David Harbecke","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Harbecke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088185761","display_name":"Vivien Macketanz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4530-6241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vivien Macketanz","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074144827","display_name":"Eleftherios Avramidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5671-573X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eleftherios Avramidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence, Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence, Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075001284","display_name":"Sebastian M\u00f6ller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3057-0760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian M\u00f6ller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078968418"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.30723549,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63734965,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"29","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7762261033058167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7502211928367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.7389222979545593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sort","display_name":"sort","score":0.7364803552627563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6680346131324768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.6636163592338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.6154153943061829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5667508840560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.36401885747909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06632465124130249}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7762261033058167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7502211928367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.7389222979545593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88548561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q347599","display_name":"sort","level":2,"score":0.7364803552627563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6680346131324768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.6636163592338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.6154153943061829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5667508840560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.36401885747909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06632465124130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/n19-4006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n19-4006","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1903.12017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1903.12017","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.12017","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2924584999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.12017.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1903.12017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.12017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/n19-4006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n19-4006","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W1816313093","https://openalex.org/W2052203456","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2108082276","https://openalex.org/W2251919075","https://openalex.org/W2525778437","https://openalex.org/W2561412020","https://openalex.org/W2564739834","https://openalex.org/W2574872930","https://openalex.org/W2601324753","https://openalex.org/W2657631929","https://openalex.org/W2754210855","https://openalex.org/W2773497437","https://openalex.org/W2794365787","https://openalex.org/W2886526762","https://openalex.org/W2903193068","https://openalex.org/W2950142424","https://openalex.org/W2963026768","https://openalex.org/W2963163972","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963667932","https://openalex.org/W2964045325","https://openalex.org/W2964046515","https://openalex.org/W2964178496","https://openalex.org/W2964199361","https://openalex.org/W2964308564"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963586656","https://openalex.org/W2977259723","https://openalex.org/W3098515724","https://openalex.org/W2553022200","https://openalex.org/W2972715831","https://openalex.org/W2970019270","https://openalex.org/W2808649045","https://openalex.org/W3166459988","https://openalex.org/W2810487289","https://openalex.org/W3089551829","https://openalex.org/W3115913034","https://openalex.org/W2751592542","https://openalex.org/W2509301165","https://openalex.org/W1918466020","https://openalex.org/W2153152620","https://openalex.org/W3141417562","https://openalex.org/W3171434042","https://openalex.org/W3113256163","https://openalex.org/W3014460489","https://openalex.org/W1486120171"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evaluating":[0],"translation":[1],"models":[2],"is":[3,113],"a":[4,41,51,75,118,122,129],"trade-off":[5],"between":[6,61,98,138],"effort":[7],"and":[8,63,89,134,140],"detail.":[9],"On":[10],"the":[11,15,26,47,99,141,144],"one":[12],"end":[13,28],"of":[14,132],"spectrum":[16],"there":[17],"are":[18,35],"automatic":[19],"count-based":[20],"methods":[21],"such":[22],"as":[23],"BLEU,":[24],"on":[25,54],"other":[27],"linguistic":[29],"evaluations":[30],"by":[31,70,121],"humans,":[32],"which":[33,102],"arguably":[34],"more":[36],"informative":[37],"but":[38],"also":[39],"require":[40],"disproportionately":[42],"high":[43],"effort.":[44],"To":[45],"narrow":[46],"spectrum,":[48],"we":[49,73,103],"propose":[50],"general":[52],"approach":[53],"how":[55],"to":[56,66,79,117],"automatically":[57],"expose":[58],"systematic":[59,96],"differences":[60,97,137],"human":[62,67,81,148],"machine":[64,83],"translations":[65],"experts.":[68],"Inspired":[69],"adversarial":[71],"settings,":[72],"train":[74],"neural":[76,106,124],"text":[77],"classifier":[78,86],"distinguish":[80],"from":[82],"translations.":[84],"A":[85],"that":[87],"performs":[88],"generalizes":[90],"well":[91],"after":[92],"training":[93],"should":[94],"recognize":[95],"two":[100],"classes,":[101],"uncover":[104],"with":[105],"explainability":[107],"methods.":[108],"Our":[109],"proof-of-concept":[110],"implementation,":[111],"DiaMaT,":[112],"open":[114],"source.":[115],"Applied":[116],"dataset":[119],"translated":[120],"state-of-the-art":[123],"Transformer":[125],"model,":[126],"DiaMaT":[127],"achieves":[128],"classification":[130],"accuracy":[131],"75%":[133],"exposes":[135],"meaningful":[136],"humans":[139],"Transformer,":[142],"amidst":[143],"current":[145],"discussion":[146],"about":[147],"parity.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-09T09:26:11.010843","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}