{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2929767294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n19-1381","title":"Evaluating Coherence in Dialogue Systems using Entailment","display_name":"Evaluating Coherence in Dialogue Systems using Entailment","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2929767294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n19-1381","mag":"2929767294"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/n19-1381","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n19-1381","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/N19-1381.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/N19-1381.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049618494","display_name":"Nouha Dziri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nouha Dziri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Science University of Alberta","University of Alberta"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science University of Alberta","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alberta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043026875","display_name":"Ehsan Kamalloo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3081-8762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehsan Kamalloo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Science University of Alberta","University of Alberta"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science University of Alberta","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alberta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068452444","display_name":"Kory W. Mathewson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5688-6221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kory Mathewson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Science University of Alberta","University of Alberta"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science University of Alberta","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alberta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053745515","display_name":"Osmar R. Za\u0131\u0308ane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0060-5988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osmar Zaiane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Science University of Alberta","University of Alberta"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science University of Alberta","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alberta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049618494"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.30426618,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90190755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3806","last_page":"3812"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.780030369758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.7683893442153931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/textual-entailment","display_name":"Textual entailment","score":0.6855201125144958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.628583550453186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5834578275680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5692309737205505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-consequence","display_name":"Logical consequence","score":0.5134583115577698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5055742263793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5010111331939697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.47056981921195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35508668422698975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10796952247619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09289690852165222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08814600110054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.06446146965026855}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.780030369758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.7683893442153931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95318506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6588467","display_name":"Textual entailment","level":3,"score":0.6855201125144958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.628583550453186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5834578275680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5692309737205505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134752490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374182","display_name":"Logical consequence","level":2,"score":0.5134583115577698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5055742263793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5010111331939697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.47056981921195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35508668422698975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10796952247619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09289690852165222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08814600110054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.06446146965026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/n19-1381","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n19-1381","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/N19-1381.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1904.03371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.03371","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.03371","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:2929767294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.03371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1904.03371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.03371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:3037000106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://aclanthology.org/W19-3646/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420508","display_name":"Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/n19-1381","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n19-1381","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/N19-1381.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2929767294.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2929767294.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W119047706","https://openalex.org/W630532510","https://openalex.org/W1518951372","https://openalex.org/W1840435438","https://openalex.org/W1879966306","https://openalex.org/W2151814822","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2328886022","https://openalex.org/W2525127255","https://openalex.org/W2608787653","https://openalex.org/W2784400615","https://openalex.org/W2787560479","https://openalex.org/W2794557536","https://openalex.org/W2899231639","https://openalex.org/W2899503556","https://openalex.org/W2907308297","https://openalex.org/W2962883855","https://openalex.org/W2963035145","https://openalex.org/W2963310665","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963527228","https://openalex.org/W2963790827","https://openalex.org/W2963846996","https://openalex.org/W2963918774","https://openalex.org/W2964352131","https://openalex.org/W3023071679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963640662","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2626778328","https://openalex.org/W2615146352","https://openalex.org/W2410983263","https://openalex.org/W2154652894","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W3154584133","https://openalex.org/W2977539532","https://openalex.org/W3154592693","https://openalex.org/W3030695269","https://openalex.org/W3116182212","https://openalex.org/W3196194504","https://openalex.org/W1974105891","https://openalex.org/W1484741897","https://openalex.org/W3166285728","https://openalex.org/W2022881688","https://openalex.org/W3214729786","https://openalex.org/W3199694720","https://openalex.org/W3093264153"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evaluating":[0],"open-domain":[1],"dialogue":[2,129],"systems":[3,130],"is":[4,46],"difficult":[5],"due":[6],"to":[7,37,56,72,127],"the":[8,140,143],"diversity":[9],"of":[10,61,89,98,142],"possible":[11],"correct":[12],"answers.":[13],"Automatic":[14],"metrics":[15,81,114],"such":[16],"as":[17,118],"BLEU":[18],"correlate":[19],"weakly":[20],"with":[21],"human":[22,38,99,122],"annotations,":[23],"resulting":[24],"in":[25,67],"a":[26,58,119],"significant":[27],"bias":[28],"across":[29],"different":[30],"models":[31],"and":[32,50,134],"datasets.":[33],"Some":[34],"researchers":[35],"resort":[36],"judgment":[39,100],"experimentation":[40],"for":[41,82,121,139],"assessing":[42],"response":[43],"quality,":[44],"which":[45],"expensive,":[47],"time":[48],"consuming,":[49],"not":[51],"scalable.":[52],"Moreover,":[53],"judges":[54],"tend":[55],"evaluate":[57,128],"small":[59],"number":[60],"dialogues,":[62],"meaning":[63],"that":[64,112],"minor":[65],"differences":[66],"evaluation":[68],"configuration":[69],"may":[70],"lead":[71],"dissimilar":[73],"results.":[74],"In":[75],"this":[76],"paper,":[77],"we":[78,94],"present":[79],"interpretable":[80],"evaluating":[83],"topic":[84],"coherence":[85,104],"by":[86,105],"making":[87,124],"use":[88],"distributed":[90],"sentence":[91],"representations.":[92],"Furthermore,":[93],"introduce":[95],"calculable":[96],"approximations":[97],"based":[101],"on":[102,131],"conversational":[103],"adopting":[106],"state-of-the-art":[107],"entailment":[108],"techniques.":[109],"Results":[110],"show":[111],"our":[113],"can":[115],"be":[116],"used":[117],"surrogate":[120],"judgment,":[123],"it":[125],"easy":[126],"large-scale":[132],"datasets":[133],"allowing":[135],"an":[136],"unbiased":[137],"estimate":[138],"quality":[141],"responses.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-02-18T06:20:13.636215","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}